Healthy Food Cabbage Causes Cytotoxicity to Endometrial Cancer Cells in Vivo

The endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particularly in the menstrual cycle.

Endometrial cancer is a chronic condition characterized by the irregular cell in the tissue of the endometrium.

It's the fourth most common cancer among women overall, after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer.

Most cases of endometrial cancer start on the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the endometrium. At the advanced stage, after penetrating into the deeper layers, malignant cancer cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

Endometrial cancer has been found to metastasize to the rectum, bladder, pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina.

The exact causes of endometrial cancer are unknown. Epidemiological studies suggested that the increase in age, more years of menstruation, never been pregnant, obesity and the use of hormone therapy are some of the major prevalent risk factors associated with endometrial cancer.

Some researchers indicated that hormone changes in women's body such as higher androgen and estrogen levels and lower levels of progesterone due to polycystic.

In the US, endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs. Every year, approximately About 63,000 new cases of uterus cancer are diagnosed, causing the death of 11,000 women.

The 5-year survival rates for white and black women with the disease are 84% and 62% respectively.
At the invasive stage, the survival rate is 16%.

Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belongings to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem with a crowded mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.

On findings a natural wholefood for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effects of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a major in vivo product of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), is a promising anticancer agent derived from vegetables of the Brassica genus including cabbage on the endometrial cancer cell line.


According to the results of the tested analysis,* DIM induced cytotoxic activity by increasing the level of TGF-alpha transcripts by approximately 4-fold within 24 h of indole treatment in the tested cancer cells.
* DIM also induced a 4-fold increase in the activity of the estrogen response marker, alkaline phosphatase (AP), the cancer markers.


In other words, DIM increased the maximum stimulatory effect of estrogen on TGF-alpha expression to induce cancer cell death.

* DIM alone treatment stimulated levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by >10-fold. More precisely, the elevated addition of TGF-alpha inhibited the growth of Ishikawa cells, whereas incubation with a TGF-alpha antibody partially reversed the growth inhibitory effects of DIM.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, " ligand-independent estrogen receptor agonist activity of DIM, and uncover an essential role for the stimulation in TGF-alpha expression and the TGF-alpha activated signal transduction pathway in the potent cytostatic effects of DIM in endometrial cancer cells".
Taken altogether, cabbage may be considered a functional food for the treatment of endometrial cancer pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytostatic effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human endometrial cancer cells result from an estrogen receptor-mediated increase in transforming growth factor-alpha expression by Leong H1, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. (PubMed)