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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
Types of Treatments - Surgery
Most invasive cancers are treated with combination of the below types of treatment
1. Surgery
Most patients with invasive or non invasive breast cancer are required surgery to remove the cancer from the breast. While non invasive cancer patients are not needed further treatment, invasive cancer patients usual needed to have some of the lymph nodes removed and examined under a microscope by pathologist to see if they contain cancer cells.
1.1. Breast-conserving surgery
The operation only removes the breast cancer cells but conserves the other healthy breast cells. It only works well with patients with small size of tumors.
a. Lumpectomy:
Operation used to remove the breast cancer cells and some the tissue around the breast.
b. Partial mastectomy
Normally, partial mastectomy required 2 incisions in the surgery. One incision for removing the breast cancer cells and tissue around it, the others is for removal for lymph nodes tissues for examination.
1. 2. Mastectomy
a. Total mastectomy
The complete removal of the breast that has cancer and some lymph node tissues are taken as the same time in the operation.
b. Modified radical mastectomy: The surgery not only to remove the whole breast that has cancer, many of the lymph nodes under the arm, the lining over the chest muscles, but sometimes, also parts of the chest wall muscles as well.This types of operation may only perform with patient with advance stage of breast cancer.
c. Radical mastectomy:
Beside removing the breast that has cancer, radical mastectomy also remove the chest wall muscles under the breast, and all of the lymph nodes under the arm.
1.3. Side effect
a. Soreness, tenderness, and pain at the incision site.
b. Nerve damage
c. Lymphedema
d. Shift in weight
e. Tightness in skin
f. Poor wound healing, bleeding, or
g. reaction to the anesthesia
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