Chaste tree berry may have a potential in stimulated pancreatic islet regeneration in reduced risk of development and treatment of Type I and II diabetes, some researchers suggested..
Diabetes is a condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream in regulation of levels of glucose.
The disease are either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.
In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reaction of cells in the immune system.
Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belongings to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of year as anaphrodisiac herb and considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.
According to the study, diabetes rats induced by streptozotocin treated with extract of chaste tree berry displayed a significant effect in increased volume density of pancreatic islet as well as percentage of β-cells and size of islet.
Decrease volume and weight of pancreatic islet is associated to juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes.
Percentage of β-cells are greatly reduced already at clinical onset of type II diabetes.
However, reduction of numbers of β-cells are more moderate than in insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetic subjects and in some case it does not account for the disease.
And, altered islet composition and disproportionate loss of size of islet are associated linearly to patients with type II diabetes.
Pancreatic islets are the regions of the pancreas containing hormone-producing cells,
Dr. Oche O, the lead researcher said, "plant extracts, (exhibited) regeneration of β-cells along with β-cells repairs, in compared to non-treated diabetic control which showed complete degeneration of the islet cells".
Furthermore, the study also found that the levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin are significantly lower in treated group in comparison to control.
In compared to healthy control, the median bilirubin level was significantly higher in the diabetes.
More important, in D-galactose induces pancreatic disorder along in aging mouse model, treatment of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) demonstrated potential pancreatic protective and hypoglycemic effects through improved the size of pancreatic islets that were decreased in aged and D-galactose groups.
Galactose D is a type of monosaccharide sugar, considered as sweet as glucose.
In a total of 72 adult female Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (weighing 30-35 g) divided into 6 groups: control, VAC hydroalcoholic extract, D-galactose, D-galactose + VAC hydroalcoholic extract, aged, aged + VAC hydroalcoholic extract through subcutaneous injection of D-galactose for 45 days and then VAC hydroalcoholic extract gavaged twice a day in the last 7 days. 24 h after the last drug and extract administrations, group treated with Chaste tree berry extract or combinations of the extract showed an increased insulin and decreased serum glucose and D-galactose level in compared to other treatment groups.
The study also found, "Despite the size of pancreatic islets decreased in aged and D-galactose groups, ........... VAC hydroalcoholic extract has hypoglycemic and pancreatic protective effects in natural aged and aging model mice".
In fact, there is a report indicated that oral administration of iridoid glucoside isolated from chaste tree berry once daily to diabetic rats for the period of 30 days is effective as glibenclamide, a known hypoglycemic drug, at concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight.
Promissingly, iridoid glucoside reversed hyperglycemia-induced biochemical changes to near normal levels.
Collectively, Chaste tree berry may be used as functional food for treatment of Type I and Type II diabetes through the hypoglycemic and pancreatic protective effects.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its antidiabetes possibilities.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Pancreatic islet regeneration and some liver biochemical parameters of leaf extracts of Vitex doniana in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats by Oche O1, Sani I1, Chilaka NG1, Samuel NU1, Samuel A1.(PubMed)
(2) Pancreatic protective and hypoglycemic effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruit hydroalcoholic extract in D-galactose-induced aging mouse model by Ahangarpour A1, Oroojan AA2, Khorsandi L3, Najimi SA4.(PubMed)
(3) Antihyperglycemic effect of iridoid glucoside, isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with special reference to glycoprotein components by Sundaram R1, Naresh R, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P.(PubMed)
(4) The pancreatic islets in diabetes by Gepts W, Lecompte PM(PubMed)
Get Pregnant Naturally
".....Utilizing Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tonifying Energy flow to the Reproductive System Channels In Men and Women for Natural Conception, including Couple Who were diagnosed with Unexplained causes of Infertility...." Chantel M.
Sunday, September 30, 2018
Saturday, September 29, 2018
How To Prevent Platelet Aggregation and High Blood Pressure in Induction of Cardiovascular Disease Naturally
In compared to herbal medicine; food therapy may even takes longer to ease symptoms, depending to stage of the treatment which directly address to the cause of the disease.
Adding a portion of beet in your daily diet may have a significant effect in improved blood circulation through anti platelet aggregation and anti hypertension activities, a recent and renowned study suggested.
Platelet aggregation is natural reaction of wound healing process of blood clotting in damage and injure of our body, to prevent infection and inflammation.
Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belongings to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
According to the Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, dietary rich of nitrate vegetable or fruit, such as beet showed to exhibited vascular function in promotion of blood vessel and blood circulation function, thus reducing risk CVD.
In healthy volunteers, ingestion of a dietary nitrate load (beetroot juice 500 mL), approximately 3 hours after, correlated with peak increases in plasma nitrite concentration showed a significant effect in attenuated platelet aggregation in response to collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in cell energy metabolism. And decreased plasma nitrite, may block the decrease in blood pressure and abolished the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.
This findings suggested that regular drinking of dietary nitrate from food sources is necessary for maintenance of a healthy heart through decreased platelet aggregation and reduced blood pressure.
In 2 randomised crossover studies each in 24 (12 of each sex) healthy subjects with oral administrated dietary nitrate (250 ml beetroot juice) or potassium nitrate capsules (KNO3, 8 mmol) vs placebo control on platelet reactivity, researchers found that group treated with nitrate component shows a strong inhibition of platelet aggregation.
The study also demonstrated that inorganic nitrate ingestion, whether via the diet or through supplementation, may have a gender preference in decreased platelet reactivity in healthy males but not females counterpart.
Dr. Velmurugan S, the lead author said, " dietary nitrate (may be benefit) as an adjunct to current antiplatelet therapies to prevent atherothrombotic complications".
Furthermore, according to the review of the National Heart and Lung Institute, in vitro and in vivo, dietary nitrite exhibited cGMP in mediated the levels of platelet aggregation through expression of nitric oxide actions,
And, in a model of thromboembolic radiolabeled platelet aggregation, injection of dietary nitrate or supplement showed a significantly inhibited platelet function in eNOS(-/-) mice.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a cyclic nucleotide plays both a stimulatory and an inhibitory role in platelet activation depending on concentration and timing.
NO also are best known for its function in regulating blood pressure and that impaired NO bioactivity is an important component of hypertension
Collectively, beet with high amount of dietary nitrate may be used as functional food combined conventional treatment in reduced risk of platelet aggregation and htpertension in induction of CVD.
People who are taking anti platelet aggregation medicine should consult with their doctors before applying large amount beet juice or juice with high concentration of nitrate.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite by Webb AJ1, Patel N, Loukogeorgakis S, Okorie M, Aboud Z, Misra S, Rashid R, Miall P, Deanfield J, Benjamin N, MacAllister R, Hobbs AJ, Ahluwalia A.(PubMed)
(2) Antiplatelet effects of dietary nitrate in healthy volunteers: involvement of cGMP and influence of sex by Velmurugan S1, Kapil V, Ghosh SM, Davies S, McKnight A, Aboud Z, Khambata RS, Webb AJ, Poole A, Ahluwalia A.(PubMed)
(3) Role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in driving nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by Apostoli GL1, Solomon A, Smallwood MJ, Winyard PG, Emerson M.(PubMed)
Adding a portion of beet in your daily diet may have a significant effect in improved blood circulation through anti platelet aggregation and anti hypertension activities, a recent and renowned study suggested.
Platelet aggregation is natural reaction of wound healing process of blood clotting in damage and injure of our body, to prevent infection and inflammation.
Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belongings to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
According to the Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, dietary rich of nitrate vegetable or fruit, such as beet showed to exhibited vascular function in promotion of blood vessel and blood circulation function, thus reducing risk CVD.
In healthy volunteers, ingestion of a dietary nitrate load (beetroot juice 500 mL), approximately 3 hours after, correlated with peak increases in plasma nitrite concentration showed a significant effect in attenuated platelet aggregation in response to collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in cell energy metabolism. And decreased plasma nitrite, may block the decrease in blood pressure and abolished the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.
This findings suggested that regular drinking of dietary nitrate from food sources is necessary for maintenance of a healthy heart through decreased platelet aggregation and reduced blood pressure.
In 2 randomised crossover studies each in 24 (12 of each sex) healthy subjects with oral administrated dietary nitrate (250 ml beetroot juice) or potassium nitrate capsules (KNO3, 8 mmol) vs placebo control on platelet reactivity, researchers found that group treated with nitrate component shows a strong inhibition of platelet aggregation.
The study also demonstrated that inorganic nitrate ingestion, whether via the diet or through supplementation, may have a gender preference in decreased platelet reactivity in healthy males but not females counterpart.
Dr. Velmurugan S, the lead author said, " dietary nitrate (may be benefit) as an adjunct to current antiplatelet therapies to prevent atherothrombotic complications".
Furthermore, according to the review of the National Heart and Lung Institute, in vitro and in vivo, dietary nitrite exhibited cGMP in mediated the levels of platelet aggregation through expression of nitric oxide actions,
And, in a model of thromboembolic radiolabeled platelet aggregation, injection of dietary nitrate or supplement showed a significantly inhibited platelet function in eNOS(-/-) mice.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a cyclic nucleotide plays both a stimulatory and an inhibitory role in platelet activation depending on concentration and timing.
NO also are best known for its function in regulating blood pressure and that impaired NO bioactivity is an important component of hypertension
Collectively, beet with high amount of dietary nitrate may be used as functional food combined conventional treatment in reduced risk of platelet aggregation and htpertension in induction of CVD.
People who are taking anti platelet aggregation medicine should consult with their doctors before applying large amount beet juice or juice with high concentration of nitrate.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite by Webb AJ1, Patel N, Loukogeorgakis S, Okorie M, Aboud Z, Misra S, Rashid R, Miall P, Deanfield J, Benjamin N, MacAllister R, Hobbs AJ, Ahluwalia A.(PubMed)
(2) Antiplatelet effects of dietary nitrate in healthy volunteers: involvement of cGMP and influence of sex by Velmurugan S1, Kapil V, Ghosh SM, Davies S, McKnight A, Aboud Z, Khambata RS, Webb AJ, Poole A, Ahluwalia A.(PubMed)
(3) Role of inorganic nitrate and nitrite in driving nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by Apostoli GL1, Solomon A, Smallwood MJ, Winyard PG, Emerson M.(PubMed)
Friday, September 28, 2018
How to Increase your Life Expectancy Naturally
Intake of coffee may have a profound effect in strengthen the telomere length, a biomarker of living longer, some researchers suggested.
The results of the investigation based on the medical guideline and criteria were carried out by some universities, including the National Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Coffee, second to tea consumption, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In a cross-sectional association between coffee consumption and telomere length in 4780 women , using the data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) from a prospective cohort study of female nurses began in 1976 with relative telomere length measured in peripheral blood leukocytes by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, after adjusting to other risk factors, researchers found that
* Higher total coffee use were significantly associated with longer telomeres in compared to non drinkers.
* Intake of 2 to <3 and ≥3 cups of coffee/d showed a relative ratio of 1.29 and 1.36, respectively.
* Telomere length was associated linearly to caffeine consumption from all dietary sources
The findings showed a strong indication of correlation between coffee caffeine intake and the length of telomeres among female nurses.
Dr. Liu JJ, the led author said, " ... better understand the influence of coffee consumption on telomeres, which may uncover new knowledge of how coffee consumption affects health and longevity".
Further more, in the differentiation to re confirm the effects of coffee drinking in increased life expectancy, the Brigham Young University also conducted a study obtained the data to examine the coffee longevity efficacy from 5826 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectionally,
In a total of 5826 adults, using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method, telomere length compared to standard reference DNA, after adjusting to other risk factors, including age, gender, race, marital status, education, housing, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol use,.. researchers showed that
* Caffeine consumption was inversely related to telomere length.
* For each 100 mg of caffeine consumed, telomeres were 35.4 base pairs shorter.
* For each 100 mg of caffeine consumed among coffee drinkers only, telomeres were 36.7 base pairs shorter.
* Among non-coffee drinkers only, 40.0 base pairs shorter.
In compared to non drinker{(40.0 base pairs shorter), coffee caffeine( 36.7 base pairs shorter) and caffeine( 35.4 base pairs shorter)} coffee intake expressed a positive effect in reduced genetic telomeres lengths much slower.
In other words, coffee caffeine drinkers have had a longer life expectancy in compared to only coffee or caffeine drinkers and non drinkers
Taking altogether, coffee (regardless caffeinated or not and numbers of cups intake per day) expressed a significant effect in enhanced longevity through modulating the DNA implication of living longer in both genders.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Coffee Consumption Is Positively Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Nurses' Health Study by Liu JJ1, Crous-Bou M2, Giovannucci E3, De Vivo I4.(PubMed)
(2) Caffeine consumption and telomere length in men and women of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) by Tucker LA1.(PubMed)
The results of the investigation based on the medical guideline and criteria were carried out by some universities, including the National Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Coffee, second to tea consumption, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In a cross-sectional association between coffee consumption and telomere length in 4780 women , using the data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) from a prospective cohort study of female nurses began in 1976 with relative telomere length measured in peripheral blood leukocytes by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, after adjusting to other risk factors, researchers found that
* Higher total coffee use were significantly associated with longer telomeres in compared to non drinkers.
* Intake of 2 to <3 and ≥3 cups of coffee/d showed a relative ratio of 1.29 and 1.36, respectively.
* Telomere length was associated linearly to caffeine consumption from all dietary sources
The findings showed a strong indication of correlation between coffee caffeine intake and the length of telomeres among female nurses.
Dr. Liu JJ, the led author said, " ... better understand the influence of coffee consumption on telomeres, which may uncover new knowledge of how coffee consumption affects health and longevity".
Further more, in the differentiation to re confirm the effects of coffee drinking in increased life expectancy, the Brigham Young University also conducted a study obtained the data to examine the coffee longevity efficacy from 5826 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectionally,
In a total of 5826 adults, using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method, telomere length compared to standard reference DNA, after adjusting to other risk factors, including age, gender, race, marital status, education, housing, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol use,.. researchers showed that
* Caffeine consumption was inversely related to telomere length.
* For each 100 mg of caffeine consumed, telomeres were 35.4 base pairs shorter.
* For each 100 mg of caffeine consumed among coffee drinkers only, telomeres were 36.7 base pairs shorter.
* Among non-coffee drinkers only, 40.0 base pairs shorter.
In compared to non drinker{(40.0 base pairs shorter), coffee caffeine( 36.7 base pairs shorter) and caffeine( 35.4 base pairs shorter)} coffee intake expressed a positive effect in reduced genetic telomeres lengths much slower.
In other words, coffee caffeine drinkers have had a longer life expectancy in compared to only coffee or caffeine drinkers and non drinkers
Taking altogether, coffee (regardless caffeinated or not and numbers of cups intake per day) expressed a significant effect in enhanced longevity through modulating the DNA implication of living longer in both genders.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Coffee Consumption Is Positively Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Nurses' Health Study by Liu JJ1, Crous-Bou M2, Giovannucci E3, De Vivo I4.(PubMed)
(2) Caffeine consumption and telomere length in men and women of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) by Tucker LA1.(PubMed)
Thursday, September 27, 2018
How to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease(CVD) Naturally and Easily
Black or common bean may be considered as function foods in attenuated risk of Cardivascular disease, a renowned institute postulated.
Cardiovascular disease is a condition of heart attack caused by block of blood in vessel as a result of narrowing and hardening of blood vessels.
Black bean, a small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongings to the family Fabaceae can be bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms.
It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
According to the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, individuals who eat more bean in promoted less glycaemic stress (hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia) may have a reduced risk of CVD,
The study also addressed the importance of bean efficacy on glycaemic response and the impact of that relationship may have on the risk of developing diabetes and CVD.
In Sprague-Dawley rats model and C57Bl/6 mice induced obesity by a diet, both bean diet,groups showed a significant in reduced plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol without affecting HDL-cholesterol or total TAG in short-term. And bean-fed obese mice not only induced weight loss but also improved plasma lipid profile within a 12 d time frame in compared to other groups.
The weight loss and reduced levels of blood cholesterol in tested subjects provided a significant information of bean function in ameliorated risk of cardiovascular disease.
Other in the study of risk of development of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes, suggested that the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems in patients with types 2 diabetes may be the leading causes of heart complications involving high cardiac collagen content.
Therefor, increased intake of bean diet may play a prevalent role in reduced risk of CVD by increased total antioxidant activity and decreased the expression of hyperglycaemic state, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and tissue damage caused by lipid peroxidation.
Dr. Oliveira RJ, the lead author said, "The phaseolamin treatment attenuated the collagen levels compared to non-treated diabetic rats. Thus, the short-term anti-hyperglycaemic effect of the phaseolamin treatment may prevent the initial changes caused by oxidative stress and the deposition of collagen, as well as reduce the incidence of heart complications".
Collectively, adding a bean portion in your diet daily may have a substantially reduced risk of heart disease and heart complications in diabetics, in comparison to people with typical American diet.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Phaseolus beans: impact on glycaemic response and chronic disease risk in human subjects by Hutchins AM1, Winham DM, Thompson SV.(PubMed)
(2) Edible dry bean consumption (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulates cardiovascular risk factors and diet-induced obesity in rats and mice by Zhu Z1, Jiang W, Thompson HJ.(PubMed)
(3) Phaseolamin treatment prevents oxidative stress and collagen deposition in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Oliveira RJ1, de Oliveira VN, Deconte SR, Calábria LK, da Silva Moraes A, Espindola FS.(PubMed)
Cardiovascular disease is a condition of heart attack caused by block of blood in vessel as a result of narrowing and hardening of blood vessels.
Black bean, a small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongings to the family Fabaceae can be bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms.
It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
According to the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, individuals who eat more bean in promoted less glycaemic stress (hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia) may have a reduced risk of CVD,
The study also addressed the importance of bean efficacy on glycaemic response and the impact of that relationship may have on the risk of developing diabetes and CVD.
In Sprague-Dawley rats model and C57Bl/6 mice induced obesity by a diet, both bean diet,groups showed a significant in reduced plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol without affecting HDL-cholesterol or total TAG in short-term. And bean-fed obese mice not only induced weight loss but also improved plasma lipid profile within a 12 d time frame in compared to other groups.
The weight loss and reduced levels of blood cholesterol in tested subjects provided a significant information of bean function in ameliorated risk of cardiovascular disease.
Other in the study of risk of development of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes, suggested that the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems in patients with types 2 diabetes may be the leading causes of heart complications involving high cardiac collagen content.
Therefor, increased intake of bean diet may play a prevalent role in reduced risk of CVD by increased total antioxidant activity and decreased the expression of hyperglycaemic state, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and tissue damage caused by lipid peroxidation.
Dr. Oliveira RJ, the lead author said, "The phaseolamin treatment attenuated the collagen levels compared to non-treated diabetic rats. Thus, the short-term anti-hyperglycaemic effect of the phaseolamin treatment may prevent the initial changes caused by oxidative stress and the deposition of collagen, as well as reduce the incidence of heart complications".
Collectively, adding a bean portion in your diet daily may have a substantially reduced risk of heart disease and heart complications in diabetics, in comparison to people with typical American diet.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Phaseolus beans: impact on glycaemic response and chronic disease risk in human subjects by Hutchins AM1, Winham DM, Thompson SV.(PubMed)
(2) Edible dry bean consumption (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) modulates cardiovascular risk factors and diet-induced obesity in rats and mice by Zhu Z1, Jiang W, Thompson HJ.(PubMed)
(3) Phaseolamin treatment prevents oxidative stress and collagen deposition in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Oliveira RJ1, de Oliveira VN, Deconte SR, Calábria LK, da Silva Moraes A, Espindola FS.(PubMed)
Tuesday, September 25, 2018
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCO's), According to Scientific Studies
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages, especially during a woman's childbearing years. Most ovarian cysts are functional and benign but some can become cancerous. Some ovarian cysts can cause bleeding and pain such as endometriomas/chocolate cysts and surgery is required for any cyst larger than 5 cms in diameter or if the cyst has interfered with the extruding of mature follicle. Traditional Chinese medicine defines ovarian cyst is a medical condition caused by excess- dampness (caused by blood and fluid stasis) accumulated in the abdomen and gradually coalesces into phlegm, that can manifest as that can manifest as ovarian cysts or various kinds, including chocolate cysts. In conventional medicine, ovarian cysts is defined as a collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary.
Over the years as health article writer and researcher, I have received hundreds if not thousand of enquiry from women who have suffered from the affects of Ovarian cysts and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Through the extensive research, some articles were written(1-5)) with an aim to help enquirers to understand more about the diseases, how they can manage the symptoms as well as treatments in conventional and holistic medicine perspective. Many recommendations have been given in herbal treatments from traditional Chinese and herbal medicine with medical studies proofs(6 -10). Unfortunately, all these types of treatment are required the correct differentiation of the diseases with specialists. Women who listened to these approaches have complained that they ended up with thousands of dollars expenses and spent lengthy time in the herbal specialist office before the diseases were cured. Women with less financial secure were recommended to a self help holistic treatment, the Ovarian Cyst Miracle written by Carol Foster with the same successful result.
Many women who know me through their friends recommendation and have tried the approaches insisted that the self help holistic treatment is the best as it is less financial burden (only $40) but to get rid of the Ovarian Cysts and and PCOs within 2 months, determination to follow the recommendations of the book is absolutely necessary. I, therefore recommend this book to all women who have suffered from the affects of Ovarian Cysts and PCOs to follow the approaches to eliminate all Ovarian Cysts and PCOS issues safely and naturally and regain the quality of life. Kyle J. Norton
Sources
1. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Conventional Medicine Perspective
2.In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
3. In Weight Loss Perspective
Ovarian Cysts
4. Ovarian Cysts In Conventional Medicine Perspective
5. Ovarian Cysts In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
6. [Clinical observation on treatment of 43 women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on syndrome differentiation]
7. [Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with chinese herbson polycystic ovary syndrome of kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis type].
8. Treating adolescent ovarian cyhe sts with Chinese herbs: a case report
9. Treating ovarian cysts with Chinese herbs: a case report.
10. Progress of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome caused infertility
The Research Links
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
1. Adipose tissue hormones and appetite and body weight regulators in insulin resistance
2. Physiopathology review of Polycystic ovary syndrome
3. Altered adipocyte function in polycystic ovary syndrome
4. Adiponectin and resistin serum levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
5. Cardiovascular Risk in Women With PCOS
6. Rosiglitazone treatment increases plasma levels of adiponectin and decreases levels of resistin in overweight women with PCOS
7. Genetic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome
8. Polycystic ovary syndrome in men
9. Obstetric complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
10. The molecular phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) theca cells and new candidate PCOS genes
11. Some new thoughts on the pathophysiology and genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome
12. Can anti-mullerian hormone predict the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome?
13. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome
14. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
15. N-acetyl cysteine in clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
16. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
17. Polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and reproductive implications
18. Impact of obesity on reproduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
19. The role of obesity in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome
20. Alterations in thyroid function among the different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes
21. Mood and sexual function in polycystic ovary syndrome
22. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome
23. Polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem
24. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health
25. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome
26. Polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem
27. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
28. How significant are environmental estrogens to women
29. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health
30. Psychological implications of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Ovarian cysts affect women of all ages, especially during a woman's childbearing years. Most ovarian cysts are functional and benign but some can become cancerous. Some ovarian cysts can cause bleeding and pain such as endometriomas/chocolate cysts and surgery is required for any cyst larger than 5 cms in diameter or if the cyst has interfered with the extruding of mature follicle. Traditional Chinese medicine defines ovarian cyst is a medical condition caused by excess- dampness (caused by blood and fluid stasis) accumulated in the abdomen and gradually coalesces into phlegm, that can manifest as that can manifest as ovarian cysts or various kinds, including chocolate cysts. In conventional medicine, ovarian cysts is defined as a collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary.
Over the years as health article writer and researcher, I have received hundreds if not thousand of enquiry from women who have suffered from the affects of Ovarian cysts and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Through the extensive research, some articles were written(1-5)) with an aim to help enquirers to understand more about the diseases, how they can manage the symptoms as well as treatments in conventional and holistic medicine perspective. Many recommendations have been given in herbal treatments from traditional Chinese and herbal medicine with medical studies proofs(6 -10). Unfortunately, all these types of treatment are required the correct differentiation of the diseases with specialists. Women who listened to these approaches have complained that they ended up with thousands of dollars expenses and spent lengthy time in the herbal specialist office before the diseases were cured. Women with less financial secure were recommended to a self help holistic treatment, the Ovarian Cyst Miracle written by Carol Foster with the same successful result.
Many women who know me through their friends recommendation and have tried the approaches insisted that the self help holistic treatment is the best as it is less financial burden (only $40) but to get rid of the Ovarian Cysts and and PCOs within 2 months, determination to follow the recommendations of the book is absolutely necessary. I, therefore recommend this book to all women who have suffered from the affects of Ovarian Cysts and PCOs to follow the approaches to eliminate all Ovarian Cysts and PCOS issues safely and naturally and regain the quality of life. Kyle J. Norton
Sources
1. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome In Conventional Medicine Perspective
2.In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
3. In Weight Loss Perspective
Ovarian Cysts
4. Ovarian Cysts In Conventional Medicine Perspective
5. Ovarian Cysts In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
6. [Clinical observation on treatment of 43 women with polycystic ovary syndrome based on syndrome differentiation]
7. [Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with chinese herbson polycystic ovary syndrome of kidney deficiency and phlegm stasis type].
8. Treating adolescent ovarian cyhe sts with Chinese herbs: a case report
9. Treating ovarian cysts with Chinese herbs: a case report.
10. Progress of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome caused infertility
The Research Links
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
1. Adipose tissue hormones and appetite and body weight regulators in insulin resistance
2. Physiopathology review of Polycystic ovary syndrome
3. Altered adipocyte function in polycystic ovary syndrome
4. Adiponectin and resistin serum levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
5. Cardiovascular Risk in Women With PCOS
6. Rosiglitazone treatment increases plasma levels of adiponectin and decreases levels of resistin in overweight women with PCOS
7. Genetic aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome
8. Polycystic ovary syndrome in men
9. Obstetric complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
10. The molecular phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) theca cells and new candidate PCOS genes
11. Some new thoughts on the pathophysiology and genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome
12. Can anti-mullerian hormone predict the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome?
13. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome
14. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
15. N-acetyl cysteine in clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
16. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
17. Polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity and reproductive implications
18. Impact of obesity on reproduction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
19. The role of obesity in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome
20. Alterations in thyroid function among the different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes
21. Mood and sexual function in polycystic ovary syndrome
22. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome
23. Polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem
24. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health
25. Clinical and psychological correlates of quality-of-life in polycystic ovary syndrome
26. Polycystic ovary syndrome--a medical condition but also an important psychosocial problem
27. The treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
28. How significant are environmental estrogens to women
29. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental health
30. Psychological implications of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
How to Protect Yourself Against Influenza Season Naturally
Including green tea, the Camellia sinensis leaves as a beverage in your daily diet, may have a therapeutic and positive effect in protection against influenza, some scientists suggested.
Influenza, is also known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
In the investigated the green tea effect in reduced risk of influenza viral overspreading in general population, researchers at the Yonsei University conducted a study to evaluate catechin derivatives with different alkyl chain length and aromatic ring substitutions at the 3-hydroxyl group synthesized from epigallocatechin (EGC) and (+)-catechin (C) activity against influenza virus.
According to the experiment, application of catechin derivatives, carrying moderate chain length (7-9 carbons) exerted a pronounced effect in inhibited over expression of the virus in compared to those with aromatic rings.
Interestingly, injection of the 5'-hydroxyl group did not significantly contribute to antiviral activity against trihydroxy benzyl moiety.
However, administration of both derivatives demonstrated an inhibitory effect for all six influenza subtypes tested including three major types of currently circulating human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B type), H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza virus, through strongly inhibited adsorption of the viruses on red blood cell (RBC).
In vivo, the derivatives also expressed an impressive activity in restricted the growth of avian influenza virus with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5-10 microM far exceeding the dose of conventional medicine oseltamivir or M2 proton channel inhibitor amantadine with the same purposes.
Further analysis suggested that the derivatives isolated from actechin inhibited effect were attributed to the mediation and interaction with hemagglutinin (HA)/viral membrane at the initial stage of infection.
Dr. Song JM, the lead author, after taking account of all assessment said, "The broad spectrum activity against various subtypes of influenza viruses may complement the limitations of current antivirals and contribute for managing potentially emerging influenza pandemic".
Importantly, in the comparison of the theaflavins fraction (TF80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (TF) derivatives potently inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College indicated that all applications displayed significant inhibitory effects on the HA of three different subtypes of influenza virus strains [A/PR/8/34(H1N1), A/Sydney/5/97(H3N2) and B/Jiangsu/10/2003] with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 9.27 to 36.55 μg/mL, probably though expression and interaction on HA as above differentiation.
Additionally, TF derivatives inhibited the over expression of viral particle infectivity consistently and corelatively with the inhibitory effect on HA.
According to the qPCR and nuclear localization of the influenza virus vRNP assays, all applications exerted anti infectivity by interrupting the viral replication and also decreased the production of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in induction of serious tissue injury and apoptosis.
The above evaluation were supported by the Yonsei University study of the polyphenolic compound catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC)) from green tea in inhibited influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially direct virucidal effect.
According to the results, among all compound selected in the assessment, EGCG and ECG were found to be potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in MDCK( in a suitable transfection host for influenza research) cell culture, including A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B virus, observed in all influenza virus subtypes tested, with 50% effective inhibition concentration (EC50) of EGCG, ECG, and EGC for influenza A virus at doses of 22-28, 22-40 and 309-318 microM, respectively.
The effective compounds EGCG and ECG also displayed an exhibited anti hemagglutination activity, similar to those in above studies.
Moreover, in compared to the EGCG and ECG anti influenza virus efficacy, researchers surprisingly found that at high concentration, EGCG + ECG also suppressed viral RNA synthesis in MDCK cells whereas EGC failed to show similar effect and EGCG + ECG inhibited the neuraminidase activity more effectively than the ECG.
These results reaffirmed that the expression of green tea biocative polyphenols antiviral effect of catechins on influenza virus is mediated not only by specific interaction with HA, but also alter the physical properties of viral membrane, Dr. Song JM, the lead author of the study suggested.
Taken together, green tea with abundant phytochemical polyphenols may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk, progression and treatment of infleunza infection.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Biological evaluation of anti-influenza viral activity of semi-synthetic catechin derivatives by Song JM1, Park KD, Lee KH, Byun YH, Park JH, Kim SH, Kim JH, Seong BL.(PubMed)
(2) In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives by Zu M1, Yang F, Zhou W, Liu A, Du G, Zheng L.(PubMed)
(3) Antiviral effect of catechins in green tea on influenza virus by Song JM1, Lee KH, Seong BL.(PubMed)
Influenza, is also known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
In the investigated the green tea effect in reduced risk of influenza viral overspreading in general population, researchers at the Yonsei University conducted a study to evaluate catechin derivatives with different alkyl chain length and aromatic ring substitutions at the 3-hydroxyl group synthesized from epigallocatechin (EGC) and (+)-catechin (C) activity against influenza virus.
According to the experiment, application of catechin derivatives, carrying moderate chain length (7-9 carbons) exerted a pronounced effect in inhibited over expression of the virus in compared to those with aromatic rings.
Interestingly, injection of the 5'-hydroxyl group did not significantly contribute to antiviral activity against trihydroxy benzyl moiety.
However, administration of both derivatives demonstrated an inhibitory effect for all six influenza subtypes tested including three major types of currently circulating human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B type), H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza virus, through strongly inhibited adsorption of the viruses on red blood cell (RBC).
In vivo, the derivatives also expressed an impressive activity in restricted the growth of avian influenza virus with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5-10 microM far exceeding the dose of conventional medicine oseltamivir or M2 proton channel inhibitor amantadine with the same purposes.
Further analysis suggested that the derivatives isolated from actechin inhibited effect were attributed to the mediation and interaction with hemagglutinin (HA)/viral membrane at the initial stage of infection.
Dr. Song JM, the lead author, after taking account of all assessment said, "The broad spectrum activity against various subtypes of influenza viruses may complement the limitations of current antivirals and contribute for managing potentially emerging influenza pandemic".
Importantly, in the comparison of the theaflavins fraction (TF80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (TF) derivatives potently inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College indicated that all applications displayed significant inhibitory effects on the HA of three different subtypes of influenza virus strains [A/PR/8/34(H1N1), A/Sydney/5/97(H3N2) and B/Jiangsu/10/2003] with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 9.27 to 36.55 μg/mL, probably though expression and interaction on HA as above differentiation.
Additionally, TF derivatives inhibited the over expression of viral particle infectivity consistently and corelatively with the inhibitory effect on HA.
According to the qPCR and nuclear localization of the influenza virus vRNP assays, all applications exerted anti infectivity by interrupting the viral replication and also decreased the production of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in induction of serious tissue injury and apoptosis.
The above evaluation were supported by the Yonsei University study of the polyphenolic compound catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC)) from green tea in inhibited influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially direct virucidal effect.
According to the results, among all compound selected in the assessment, EGCG and ECG were found to be potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in MDCK( in a suitable transfection host for influenza research) cell culture, including A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B virus, observed in all influenza virus subtypes tested, with 50% effective inhibition concentration (EC50) of EGCG, ECG, and EGC for influenza A virus at doses of 22-28, 22-40 and 309-318 microM, respectively.
The effective compounds EGCG and ECG also displayed an exhibited anti hemagglutination activity, similar to those in above studies.
Moreover, in compared to the EGCG and ECG anti influenza virus efficacy, researchers surprisingly found that at high concentration, EGCG + ECG also suppressed viral RNA synthesis in MDCK cells whereas EGC failed to show similar effect and EGCG + ECG inhibited the neuraminidase activity more effectively than the ECG.
These results reaffirmed that the expression of green tea biocative polyphenols antiviral effect of catechins on influenza virus is mediated not only by specific interaction with HA, but also alter the physical properties of viral membrane, Dr. Song JM, the lead author of the study suggested.
Taken together, green tea with abundant phytochemical polyphenols may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk, progression and treatment of infleunza infection.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Biological evaluation of anti-influenza viral activity of semi-synthetic catechin derivatives by Song JM1, Park KD, Lee KH, Byun YH, Park JH, Kim SH, Kim JH, Seong BL.(PubMed)
(2) In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives by Zu M1, Yang F, Zhou W, Liu A, Du G, Zheng L.(PubMed)
(3) Antiviral effect of catechins in green tea on influenza virus by Song JM1, Lee KH, Seong BL.(PubMed)
Monday, September 24, 2018
Fennel, The Heart Enhancer Functional Herb, Studies Showed
Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in improvement of cardiovascular activity, some scientists suggested.
The results of vascular and cardiovascular protective effect were reported by numbers of universities including the Birzeit University and published on online medical literature.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Chemical Ingredients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
In the study to investigate the vascular effects of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves in pentobarbital-anaesthetised rats, researchers found that intravenous administration of the lyophilized boiled water extract exerted a significant dose-related reduction in arterial blood pressure, without affecting the heart rate or respiratory rate in compared to histamine antagonists.
However, application of non-boiled aqueous extract showed very little hypotensive activity.
Contrast to the conventional medicine histamine antagonists, the hypotensive effect of the boiling water extract appeared not to be mediated by adrenergic, muscarinic, ganglionic or serotonergic receptors.
Furthermore, in the examine the cardiovascular effect of main component of the oil, anethole isolated from on tested guinea pig fennel oil in inhibited arachidonic acid, collagen-, ADP- and U46619-induced aggregation, researchers found that application of anethole displayed comparable NO-independent vasorelaxant activity at anti platelet concentrations.
Anethole also prevented thrombin-induced clot retraction at concentrations similar to fennel oil in comparison of U46619-induced aggregation (IC(50) from 4 to 147 microg ml(-1)). These results were confirmed in tested mice with application F. vulgare essential oil and anethole in a subacute treatment of 30 mg kg(-1)day(-1) for 5 days.
F. vulgare essential oil and anethole also showed significant antithrombotic activity in prevented paralysis induced by collagen-epinephrine intravenous injection with 70% and 83% protection, respectively.
In rat model, both F. vulgare essential oil and anethole (100 mg kg(-1) oral administration) provided significant protection toward ethanol induced gastric lesions.
After taking into account of other co and confounders, togther with the collected information Dr. Tognolini M, the lead author said, " F. vulgare essential oil, and its main component anethole, a safe antithrombotic activity that seems due to their broad spectrum antiplatelet activity, clot destabilizing effect and vasorelaxant action".
Further to re assess other cardiovascular activity of Foeniculum vulgare L, researchers at the UFR Physiologie-Pharmacologie, launched an investigation to compared the effects of Marrubium vulgare L. and Foeniculum vulgare L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
Interestingly, oral application of Foeniculum extract exerted lowered the systolic blood pressure of SHR without induced change of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).
These results was probably associated to function of Foeniculum in increased water, sodium and potassium excretion.
More importantly, Foeniculum extract hypertensive efficacy was decreased substantially in rat and mice presented with N-nitro-L-arginine.
The results indicated that fennel demonstrated the vascular protective activity as a diuretic and a natriuretic.
Taken together, Fennel and its essential oil and bioactive compound anethole may be considered as a function substance in promote cardiovascular and vascular activity, particularly in animal models with high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Intake of fennel extract should be taken with extreme care as overdoses may induce liver toxicity.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis by Tognolini M1, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Bruni R, Impicciatore M, Barocelli E.(PubMed)
(2) Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat by El Bardai S1, Lyoussi B, Wibo M, Morel N.(PubMed)
(3) The vascular action of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves by Abdul-Ghani AS1, Amin R.(PubMed)
Sunday, September 23, 2018
Herbal Arnica, The Natural CD4+ T cells Inhibitor in Immunoregulatory Activity
Arnica may have a therapeutic effect in enhanced immune function, some scientists suggested.
The results of the analysis were conducted by numbers of respectable university, including the University Medical Center Freiburg, and published on several medical online literature.
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.
The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.
In the investigation to compare Anise tinctures and sesquiterpene lactones (SL), the secondary plant metabolites isolated from of Arnica, anti-inflammatory effects in inhibited expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, researchers found that application of Arnica tinctures and SL potently suppressed NF-kappaB activation and IL-12 production in dendritic cells at high concentrations but has immunostimulatory effects at low concentrations.
The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway is considered as a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway and IL-12 is an immune response signaling pathway in response to antigenic stimulation.
Furthermore, in contrast to general belief, application of Arnica tinctures exerted a effect in suppressed contact hypersensitivity to sensitizer trinitrochlorobenzene and activation of dendritic cells.
These result indicated that herbal Anise inhibits induction of contact hypersensitivity through its anti-inflammatorily immunosuppressive effect via immune regulation.
In impairing protein and DNA synthesis, injection of helenalin also displayed a deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immuneresponses, through induced apoptosis in activated CD4+ T cells, by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
CD4+ T cells expression is a displaying CD4 molecules on their surface induced by glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells in sending signals to T helper cells to initiate immune pro inflammatory response to the infectious site.
More precisely, helanalin deactivated production of CD4+ T cells through inhibition of proliferation by G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by the accumulation of cell cycle regulator proteins.
Further examination also found that helenalin injection enhanced function of p53 in inhibited CD4+ T cells cycle division through its ability as a tumor suppression as well as increased expression of reactive ogygen species in facilitated cytotoxicity.
Moreover, helenalin also de activated CD4+ T cells expression by suppressed nuclear translocation of NFATc2 with function in response to the activation of CD4+ T cells.
Dr. Berges C1, the lead author, at the end of the experiment said, "helenalin can be defined as a new immunosuppressive compound suited for the treatment of deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immune responses".
The evidences of the collection suggested that Arnica and its bioactive compound helenalin may be considered as functional herb in improved immune function. However, intake of Arnica extract and supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was found in case of overdose.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory mechanisms prevent contact hypersensitivity to Arnica montana L by Lass C1, Vocanson M, Wagner S, Schempp CM, Nicolas JF, Merfort I, Martin SF.(PubMed)
(2) Differential effects of Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone, on the proteome, metabolome and the oxidative stress response in several immune cell types by Zwicker P1, Schultze N1, Niehs S2, Albrecht D3, Methling K2, Wurster M2, Wachlin G3, Lalk M2, Lindequist U1, Haertel B4.(PubMed)
(3) Helenalin suppresses essential immune functions of activated CD4+ T cells by multiple mechanisms by Berges C1, Fuchs D, Opelz G, Daniel V, Naujokat C.(PubMed)
The results of the analysis were conducted by numbers of respectable university, including the University Medical Center Freiburg, and published on several medical online literature.
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.
The ingredients
Helenalin, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.
In the investigation to compare Anise tinctures and sesquiterpene lactones (SL), the secondary plant metabolites isolated from of Arnica, anti-inflammatory effects in inhibited expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, researchers found that application of Arnica tinctures and SL potently suppressed NF-kappaB activation and IL-12 production in dendritic cells at high concentrations but has immunostimulatory effects at low concentrations.
The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway is considered as a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway and IL-12 is an immune response signaling pathway in response to antigenic stimulation.
Furthermore, in contrast to general belief, application of Arnica tinctures exerted a effect in suppressed contact hypersensitivity to sensitizer trinitrochlorobenzene and activation of dendritic cells.
These result indicated that herbal Anise inhibits induction of contact hypersensitivity through its anti-inflammatorily immunosuppressive effect via immune regulation.
In impairing protein and DNA synthesis, injection of helenalin also displayed a deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immuneresponses, through induced apoptosis in activated CD4+ T cells, by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
CD4+ T cells expression is a displaying CD4 molecules on their surface induced by glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells in sending signals to T helper cells to initiate immune pro inflammatory response to the infectious site.
More precisely, helanalin deactivated production of CD4+ T cells through inhibition of proliferation by G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by the accumulation of cell cycle regulator proteins.
Further examination also found that helenalin injection enhanced function of p53 in inhibited CD4+ T cells cycle division through its ability as a tumor suppression as well as increased expression of reactive ogygen species in facilitated cytotoxicity.
Moreover, helenalin also de activated CD4+ T cells expression by suppressed nuclear translocation of NFATc2 with function in response to the activation of CD4+ T cells.
Dr. Berges C1, the lead author, at the end of the experiment said, "helenalin can be defined as a new immunosuppressive compound suited for the treatment of deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immune responses".
The evidences of the collection suggested that Arnica and its bioactive compound helenalin may be considered as functional herb in improved immune function. However, intake of Arnica extract and supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was found in case of overdose.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory mechanisms prevent contact hypersensitivity to Arnica montana L by Lass C1, Vocanson M, Wagner S, Schempp CM, Nicolas JF, Merfort I, Martin SF.(PubMed)
(2) Differential effects of Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone, on the proteome, metabolome and the oxidative stress response in several immune cell types by Zwicker P1, Schultze N1, Niehs S2, Albrecht D3, Methling K2, Wurster M2, Wachlin G3, Lalk M2, Lindequist U1, Haertel B4.(PubMed)
(3) Helenalin suppresses essential immune functions of activated CD4+ T cells by multiple mechanisms by Berges C1, Fuchs D, Opelz G, Daniel V, Naujokat C.(PubMed)
Saturday, September 22, 2018
20 Health Benefits and 3 Critical Adverse-Effects of Pomegranates, Medline Literature Reveal
Pomegranates, cultivated in Asian since ancient time. is a fruit-bearing small tree, genus Punica, belongings to family Lythraceae, native to Iran.
I. Nutrients
1. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(1)
b. Cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(2)
2. Protein
3. Thiamine (vitamin B1)
4. Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
5. Niacin (vitamin B3)
6. Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
7. Vitamin B6
8. Folate (vitamin B9)
9. Vitamin C
10. Calcium
11. Iron
12. Magnesium
13. Phosphorus
14. Potassium
15. Zinc
16. Etc.
II. Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to researches
[1]. Anti - Cancers
In the investigation of phytochemicals and pomegranate extracts of the fruit of the Punica granatum (pomegranate) and theirs antioxidant effects found that due to the action of ellagic acid, the main polyphenol in pomegranate. In this mini review the effects of pomegranate extracts and ellagic acid on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and their future potential are discussed, according to "Ellagic acid, pomegranate and prostate cancer -- a mini review" by Bell C, Hawthorne S.(a)
[2] Antiproliferative, [3]apoptotic and [4] antioxidant activities
In the assessment of polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA) of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits juice (PJ) and its antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities found that Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 microg/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not PJ induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of PJ compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients, according to "In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice" by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Henning SM, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Nair MG, Heber D.(b)
[5]. Osteoarthritis
In the evaluation of extract of omegranate and its effect on p38-MAPK which is a major signal-transducing pathway in osteoarthritis (OA) concluded that our results provide an important insight into the molecular basis of the reported cartilage protective and arthritis inhibitory effects of pomegranate extract. These novel pharmacological actions of PE on IL-1β stimulated human OA chondrocytes impart a new suggestion that PE or PE-derived compounds may be developed as MKK and p38-MAPK inhibitors for the treatment of OA and other degenerative/inflammatory diseases, according to "Pomegranate extract inhibits the interleukin-1β-induced activation of MKK-3, p38α-MAPK and transcription factor RUNX-2 in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes" by Rasheed Z, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM.(c)
[6]. Rheumatoid arthritis
In the analyzing the Pomegranate extract (POMx) and its effect on the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice, found that pomegranate consumption reduced DAS28 in RA patients, and this effect could be related to the antioxidative property of pomegranates. Dietary supplementation with pomegranates may be a useful complementary strategy to attenuate clinical symptoms in RA patients, according to "Consumption of pomegranate decreases serum oxidative stress and reduces disease activity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study" by Balbir-Gurman A, Fuhrman B, Braun-Moscovici Y, Markovits D, Aviram M.(d)
[7]. Obesity
In the research of evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice on insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity found that Pomegranate juice administration for 1 month did not modify insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity; however, the natural evolution to increased weight and adiposity was halted, according to "Effect of pomegranate juice on insulin secretion and sensitivity in patients with obesity" by González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E, Espinel-Bermúdez MC, Pérez-Rubio KG.(e)
B. Health benefits according to concentration
[8]. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(1)
[9]. Cholesterol and [10] cardiovascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(2)
[11]. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
[12]. Folate
Folate beside is important for the production of red blood cells, and for the proper development of the brain, it also helps to enhance the replication and maintain DNA and RNA, thus reducing the risk of birth defects, in a study of "Go folic!" by Bland J., posted in PubMed, researchers state that in order to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), and proactively prevent new cases of spina bifida and hydrocephalus, it is essential that women take folic acid well before becoming pregnant. Through the use of social networks, and the voice of healthcare professionals, it is hoped that more women than ever before will receive the Go Folic! message and start taking the 400mcg/day required to ensure the development of a healthy brain and spine.
[13]. Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5 not only plays an important role in speeding wound healing , according to ""Role of pantothenic and ascorbic acid in wound healing processes: in vitro study on fibroblasts" by Lacroix B, Didier E, Grenier JF.,(4), but also enhances the healing of diabetic ulceration, according to "Safety and efficacy of a new honey ointment on diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective pilot study" by Abdelatif M, Yakoot M, Etmaan M.(5)
[14]. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 beside is important supplement used to treat inflammatory diseases, according to ""Protective role of benfotiamine, a fat-soluble vitamin B1 analogue, in lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxic signals in murine macrophages" by Yadav UC, Kalariya NM, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV.,(6), but also p;revent the risk of diabetic complication, according to "The potential role of thiamine (vitamin B1) in diabetic complications" by Thornalley PJ.(7)
[15]. Phosphorus
Phosphorus forms an important part of the process related to growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, according to the study of "Alterations in phosphorus, calcium and PTHrP contribute to defects in dental and dental alveolar bone formation in calcium-sensing receptor-deficient mice" by Sun W, Sun W, Liu J, Zhou X, Xiao Y, Karaplis A, Pollak MR, Brown E, Goltzman D, Miao D.(8)
C. Other Health benefits
[16]. Coronary heart disease
In the study of pomegranate juice consumption and its effects on coronary heart disease found that in subjects at moderate coronary heart disease risk, pomegranate juice consumption had no significant effect on overall CIMT progression rate but may have slowed CIMT progression in subjects with increased oxidative stress and disturbances in the TG-rich lipoprotein/HDL axis, according to "Effects of consumption of pomegranate juice on carotid intima-media thickness in men and women at moderate risk for coronary heart disease" by Davidson MH, Maki KC, Dicklin MR, Feinstein SB, Witchger M, Bell M, McGuire DK, Provost JC, Liker H, Aviram M.(I)
[17]. Cardiovascular health
In the classification of pomegranate juice consumption and its antioxidant effect on cardiovascular health found that some antioxidants have been shown to reduce blood pressure, the purpose of this review was to discover the effect of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular health. Pomegranate juice consumption may reduce systolic blood pressure, inhibits serum ACE activity, and is convincingly a heart-healthy fruit [Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure, according to "The effects of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular health" by Stowe CB.(II)
[18]. Diabetes
In the research of pomegranate consumption and its effect on diabetes found that despite a similar level of energy intake, HF mice had a greater concentration of leptin and a lower concentration of adiponectin compared to HF + POMo mice. POMo intake was associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity, suggesting that risk of developing type 2 diabetes may have been reduced; however, CVD risk did not change., according to "Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice" by McFarlin BK, Strohacker KA, Kueht ML.(III)
[19]. Catechins
Catechin, a polyphenol found abundantly in Pomegranates has exerted its antioxidant effect in reducing the risk of forming of free radicals, according to "Catechins and procyanidins in berries of vaccinium species and their antioxidant activity" by Määttä-Riihinen KR, Kähkönen MP, Törrönen AR, Heinonen IM.(IV)
[20]. Kidney Protective effect
In the investigation of the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on HCBD-induced nephrotoxicity
found that PSO clearly attenuated HCBD-induced nephrotoxicity, but explanation and mechanism of this protection need further explorations, according to "Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys" by Bouroshaki MT, Sadeghnia HR, Banihasan M, Yavari S.(V)
Beware of these Side Effects
1. Allergies to pomegranate may occur but are very rare, according ti the study, Mannitol contained in pomegranate has been identified as causing IgE-mediated hypersensitivity (*)
2. Pomegranates may interact with certain types of medication, through through activation of liver enzyme, please make sure you talk to your doctor if you are taking certain medication(*).
3. Whole pomegranate fruit extract may induce a genetic risk(*)
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237460
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936648
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20955562
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21910371
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811060
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18937894
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3243694
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18376651
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219672
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18220605
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150282
(I) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766760
(II) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21457902
(III) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079947
(IV) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248542
(V) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20486845
(*) Is pomegranate juice a potential perpetrator of clinical drug-drug interactions? Review of the in vitro, preclinical and clinical evidence y Srinivas NR(PubMed)
(*) Efficacy and Safety of Pomegranate Medicinal Products for Cancer by Christian Vlachojannis, 1 Benno F. Zimmermann, 2 , 3 and Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann(PMC)
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936648
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20955562
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21910371
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811060
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18937894
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3243694
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18376651
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219672
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18220605
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20150282
(I) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766760
(II) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21457902
(III) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079947
(IV) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248542
(V) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20486845
(*) Is pomegranate juice a potential perpetrator of clinical drug-drug interactions? Review of the in vitro, preclinical and clinical evidence y Srinivas NR(PubMed)
(*) Efficacy and Safety of Pomegranate Medicinal Products for Cancer by Christian Vlachojannis, 1 Benno F. Zimmermann, 2 , 3 and Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann(PMC)
Friday, September 21, 2018
The Kitchen Spice Cinnamon in Relieved Menstrual Pain and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Scientists Say
Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the family Lauraceae, use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level, to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, and to treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.
Topical use of essential oil extracted from cinnamon may be the next generation whole herb medicine for prevention and treatment of menstrual pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
The results of the investigation were reported by several respectable institutes and published on the data bases of numbers online medical literature, including PubMed.
According to the Eulji University, in the study of compared the effect of aromatherapy massage and acetaminophen on menstrual pain in Korean high school girls. cinnamon treatment group showed a significantly higher reduction of menstrual pain than in the acetaminophen group.
Acetaminophen or APAP is a over-counter and popular conventional medicine used to treat pain and fever with numbers of intolerant adverse effects.
In a randomized, double-blind trial, out of 114, group received Cinnamon (capsule containing 420 mg Cinnamon, TDS, n= 38) in 24 h significantly reduced the severity and duration of pain during menstruation and menstrual bleeding.
In primary dysmenorrhea, cinnamon expressed significantly over reduction of pain, menstrual bleeding, nausea and vomiting with primary dysmenorrhea without side effects.
Dr. Marzouk TM., the lead author at the Mansoura University said, " ... aromatherapy abdominal massage once daily for seven days prior to menstruation using the essential oils (cinnamon....) is effective in alleviating menstrual pain, its duration and excessive menstrual bleeding...." and "Aromatherapy can be provided as a nonpharmacological pain relief measure and as a part of nursing care given to girls suffering of dysmenorrhea, or excessive menstrual bleeding".
Further study of the effect of cinnamon extract on symptoms of dysmenorrhea and contractility in some smooth muscles, Dr. Alotaibi M. suggested, cinnamon may be used to alleviate menstrual pain associated with dysmenorrhoea or prevent unwanted uterine activity in early pregnancy.
However, intake of cinnamon should be taken with care as toxicity was found in case of overdoses.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Aromatherapy massage on the abdomen for alleviating menstrual pain in high school girls: a preliminary controlled clinical study by Hur MH1, Lee MS, Seong KY, Lee MK.(PubMed)
(2) Comparative effect of cinnamon and Ibuprofen for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized double-blind clinical trial by Jaafarpour M1, Hatefi M2, Khani A3, Khajavikhan J4.(PubMed)
(3) The effect of cinnamon on menstrual bleeding and systemic symptoms with primary dysmenorrhea by Jaafarpour M1, Hatefi M2, Najafi F3, Khajavikhan J4, Khani A3.(PubMed)
(4) The effect of aromatherapy abdominal massage on alleviating menstrual pain in nursing students: a prospective randomized cross-over study by Marzouk TM1, El-Nemer AM, Baraka HN.(PubMed)
(5) The effect of cinnamon extract on isolated rat uterine strips by Alotaibi M1.(PubMed)
Topical use of essential oil extracted from cinnamon may be the next generation whole herb medicine for prevention and treatment of menstrual pain and heavy menstrual bleeding.
The results of the investigation were reported by several respectable institutes and published on the data bases of numbers online medical literature, including PubMed.
According to the Eulji University, in the study of compared the effect of aromatherapy massage and acetaminophen on menstrual pain in Korean high school girls. cinnamon treatment group showed a significantly higher reduction of menstrual pain than in the acetaminophen group.
Acetaminophen or APAP is a over-counter and popular conventional medicine used to treat pain and fever with numbers of intolerant adverse effects.
In a randomized, double-blind trial, out of 114, group received Cinnamon (capsule containing 420 mg Cinnamon, TDS, n= 38) in 24 h significantly reduced the severity and duration of pain during menstruation and menstrual bleeding.
In primary dysmenorrhea, cinnamon expressed significantly over reduction of pain, menstrual bleeding, nausea and vomiting with primary dysmenorrhea without side effects.
Dr. Marzouk TM., the lead author at the Mansoura University said, " ... aromatherapy abdominal massage once daily for seven days prior to menstruation using the essential oils (cinnamon....) is effective in alleviating menstrual pain, its duration and excessive menstrual bleeding...." and "Aromatherapy can be provided as a nonpharmacological pain relief measure and as a part of nursing care given to girls suffering of dysmenorrhea, or excessive menstrual bleeding".
Further study of the effect of cinnamon extract on symptoms of dysmenorrhea and contractility in some smooth muscles, Dr. Alotaibi M. suggested, cinnamon may be used to alleviate menstrual pain associated with dysmenorrhoea or prevent unwanted uterine activity in early pregnancy.
However, intake of cinnamon should be taken with care as toxicity was found in case of overdoses.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Aromatherapy massage on the abdomen for alleviating menstrual pain in high school girls: a preliminary controlled clinical study by Hur MH1, Lee MS, Seong KY, Lee MK.(PubMed)
(2) Comparative effect of cinnamon and Ibuprofen for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized double-blind clinical trial by Jaafarpour M1, Hatefi M2, Khani A3, Khajavikhan J4.(PubMed)
(3) The effect of cinnamon on menstrual bleeding and systemic symptoms with primary dysmenorrhea by Jaafarpour M1, Hatefi M2, Najafi F3, Khajavikhan J4, Khani A3.(PubMed)
(4) The effect of aromatherapy abdominal massage on alleviating menstrual pain in nursing students: a prospective randomized cross-over study by Marzouk TM1, El-Nemer AM, Baraka HN.(PubMed)
(5) The effect of cinnamon extract on isolated rat uterine strips by Alotaibi M1.(PubMed)
Thursday, September 20, 2018
The Potent Polyphenols (GTP) of Green Tea in Inhibited Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)
Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and and treatment of athlete's foot( tinea pedis,), some scientists suggested.
The results of investigation were reported by several institutes, including the Tokyo Medical and Dental University and published online at medical literature.
Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
Athlete's foot( tinea pedis) is a common skin disease characterized by fungal infection.
Uncontrolled proliferation of yeast-fungi not only produces pungent odor but also facilitates the risks of small vesicles, fissures, scaling, and maceration.
Green tea is not one of the favorite natural ingredient used for treatment of athlete's foot (tinea pedis) in compared to the formula of aromatic oil powder-compound consisting of arrowroot, baking soda, basil oil, tea tree oil, sage oil, and clove oil which has been proven effective in 48 hours injection with enclosed feet in shoes and socks.
In the reaffirmed green tea polyphenols (GTP) in inhibited Trichophyton in vitro, researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University launched an evaluation of the effects of GTP on interdigital tinea pedis in a total of 94 infected patients.
The enrolled patients were assigned either to a lukewarm water foot bath containing GTP(0.1% green tea polyphenol solution: 89.5% catechins) or placebo.
The foot baths were given once daily with feet cleaned with mild soap and rinsed with warm water before submersing into the warm GTP foot bath for 15 minutes up to the ankles.
Patients were also given instruction not to dry off the liquids after 15 minutes to ensure further skin penetration of green tea concentration.
At the end of 12 experiment, researchers found that either GTP or placebo exerted a significant reduction in the size of the affected area, the recurrence rate and the microscopy findings.
In overall assessment, after taking into account of other co and con founders, green tea treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in compared to placebo group.
These results suggested that green tea (GTP) may process a strong anti fungal activity in reduced the symptoms expression of athlete's foot (tinea pedis), including redness, skin peeling, softening of the tissue.
Therefore, people with long term of athlete's foot (tinea pedis) may be beneficiary by applying the extract in practical use without inducing any adverse effects.
Taken together, green tea polyphenols may be considered as natural treatment of athlete's foot (tinea pedis), however, due to the small sample size, researchers suggested that large sample size and multi centers investigation are necessary to re affirm this viability.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effects of a foot bath containing green tea polyphenols on interdigital tinea pedis by Ikeda S1, Kanoya Y, Nagata S.(PubMed)
(2) Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis) by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The results of investigation were reported by several institutes, including the Tokyo Medical and Dental University and published online at medical literature.
Green tea, is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.
Athlete's foot( tinea pedis) is a common skin disease characterized by fungal infection.
Uncontrolled proliferation of yeast-fungi not only produces pungent odor but also facilitates the risks of small vesicles, fissures, scaling, and maceration.
Green tea is not one of the favorite natural ingredient used for treatment of athlete's foot (tinea pedis) in compared to the formula of aromatic oil powder-compound consisting of arrowroot, baking soda, basil oil, tea tree oil, sage oil, and clove oil which has been proven effective in 48 hours injection with enclosed feet in shoes and socks.
In the reaffirmed green tea polyphenols (GTP) in inhibited Trichophyton in vitro, researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University launched an evaluation of the effects of GTP on interdigital tinea pedis in a total of 94 infected patients.
The enrolled patients were assigned either to a lukewarm water foot bath containing GTP(0.1% green tea polyphenol solution: 89.5% catechins) or placebo.
The foot baths were given once daily with feet cleaned with mild soap and rinsed with warm water before submersing into the warm GTP foot bath for 15 minutes up to the ankles.
Patients were also given instruction not to dry off the liquids after 15 minutes to ensure further skin penetration of green tea concentration.
At the end of 12 experiment, researchers found that either GTP or placebo exerted a significant reduction in the size of the affected area, the recurrence rate and the microscopy findings.
In overall assessment, after taking into account of other co and con founders, green tea treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in compared to placebo group.
These results suggested that green tea (GTP) may process a strong anti fungal activity in reduced the symptoms expression of athlete's foot (tinea pedis), including redness, skin peeling, softening of the tissue.
Therefore, people with long term of athlete's foot (tinea pedis) may be beneficiary by applying the extract in practical use without inducing any adverse effects.
Taken together, green tea polyphenols may be considered as natural treatment of athlete's foot (tinea pedis), however, due to the small sample size, researchers suggested that large sample size and multi centers investigation are necessary to re affirm this viability.
Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Loose Weight
How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effects of a foot bath containing green tea polyphenols on interdigital tinea pedis by Ikeda S1, Kanoya Y, Nagata S.(PubMed)
(2) Athlete’s Foot (tinea pedis) by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Wednesday, September 19, 2018
The Science of Tea: Green Tea in The Risks and Treatments of 12 Different Types of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), According to PubMed
Green tea, a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world, may have a therapeutic and profound effect in ameliorated risk and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), some scientists suggested.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical conditions mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves over time.
1. Arthritis
Arthritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of one or more of your joints, leading to joint pain and stiffness.
Arthritis is the common autoimmune disorder affected over 50 millions world wide, according to the statistic.
According to the College of Pharmacy, green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in preclinical studies displayed a significant effect in treatment of arthritic disease(41).
In the study to evaluate the possible effects of the administration of green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats(3), researchers indicated that rats treated with green tea EGCG showed a significant improvement in restored natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol levels produced by the body, by exhibiting the activities of the antioxidant enzymes(3).
Green tea injection also normalized the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is increased in the liver of arthritic patients and considered as a risk factor for the development of arthritis(6).
Additional differentiation of green tea EGCG immunomodulatory effects, researchers found that application of green tea EGCG at dose of 10 mg/kg demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated clinical symptoms and reduced histological scores in arthritic mice, through modulated the immune activity by induced over expression of the Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway(6).
EGCG also ameliorated experimental arthritis in mice by eliciting indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma, astrocytes and microglia in facilitated production of dendritic cells (DCs)(6) in activation of the immune system to attack the dendritic cell located on surface on the joint tissue.
1.1. Cartilage Inside The Joint
Cartilage is a connected tissue, rubber-like padding between the joint of the bone with function to protect against bones rubbing against each other at the end points.
In the study of adolescent male Wistar rats 12-week exposure to Cd and Pb (7mg Cd and 50mg Pb in 1kg of the diet randomly assigned to 12 to each group, as positive control received without Cd, Pb and teas, a negative control group received Cd and Pb, and groups supplemented additionally with green (GT), black (BT), red (RT), and white tea (WT), application of tea significant inhibited the decreased levels of the geometric(shape) and densitometric(density) parameters and total thickness of articular cartilage(1) caused by Cd and Pb in compared to the negative control group.
Tea injection group also displayed a huge improvement in mechanical endurance, growth plate thickness, and trabecular histomorphometry depending on the tea type(1).
Due to limitation of the study, Dr. Tomaszewska E, the lead researcher said, " It is difficult to indicate which tea has the best protective effects on bone and hyaline cartilage against heavy metal action".
Some scientists insisted that green tea with bioactive epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, may be the ingredient in contributed to the cartilage protection against various types of influence(2).
Application of green tea EGCG in drinking water of mice was found to prevent collagen-induced arthritis through inhibiting the production of certain proinflammatory factors in association of damage of collagen such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)(2), a cell signaling cytokine with pro inflammatory involvement in systemic inflammation and cyclooxygenase-2(2), an enzyme in response to inflammation and pain.
In EGCG treatment of human chondrocytes derived from OA cartilage, the application inhibited and modulated IL-1β cytokines(2) in induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2(3) through its immune and inflammatory signalling and production of nitric oxide in contribution of T lymphocyte dysfunction and prostaglandin E2(2) in promotion of inflammation in chondrocytes.
According to the study, the inhibition of IL-1β by EGCG in human chondrocytes was also associated with its inhibitory effects on the activation of nuclear translocation of NF-κB(2) in expression of proinflammatory activity.
Dr. Santosh K Katiya, the lead author, after taking into account of other co founders said, "These data thus provide a mechanistic link in prevention of arthritis responses as well as potential therapeutic value for EGCG/GTPs inhibiting cartilage resorption in arthritic joints".
In investigated the effects of catechins found in green tea on cartilage extracellular matrix components using bovine nasal and metacarpophalangeal cartilage as well as human non diseased, osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage cultured with and without reagents known to accelerate cartilage matrix breakdown in vitro, researchers found that catechins, containing gallate ester, were most effective in inhibited proteoglycan and type II collagen breakdown without inducing adverse effects(4).
These results suggested that some green tea catechins may have a significant effect in protected or delayed against cartilage reduction and joint damage through protection of chondrocytes.
Dr. Adcocks C, the lead author said, "green tea may be prophylactic for arthritis and may benefit the arthritis patient by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown".
1.2. Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis, affecting some people with condition of psoriasis.
In the investigation of green tea EGCG effect on BALB/c mice induced psoriasis by topically treated with imiquimod (IMQ) for 6 consecutive days in psoriatic mouse model, researchers found that application of green tea bioactive compound demonstrates a significant effect in improved psoriasiform dermatitis, and the skin pathological structure by inhibited the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)(5) which has been found in elevated levels in patient with psoriasis.
The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) considered as a bio marker and a abnormal proliferating cell pool in patient with skin cancer was also inhibited by EGCG injection
Administration of EGCG promoted caspase-14 expression(5) which has been altered in patients with psoriasis to orchestrate epidermal differentiation in decreased in inflammatory lesions in atopic dermatitis through its function as a novel regulator of skin cell differentiation and skin barrier formation to protect the skin cell against inflammation.
Treatment of EGCG also attenuated skin inflammation through reduced levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-17A(5), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced by a group of T helper cell and IL-17F a pro inflammatory cytokine and immune mediator in trigger the innate immune activity in the acute phase of infection.
Injection of green EGCG also inhibited the T helper (Th) cell subsets IL-22(5) in secreted cytokines in stimulated immune the defense against certain microbes and the development and maintenance of chronic inflammatory diseases and IL-23(5) in enhanced the expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17)(5) cells which have been found to associate to prevalence of many of the inflammatory autoimmune responses, including psoriasis.
Green tea also reduced infiltrations of T cells in facilitate inflammatory skin lesions caused by injection of imiquimod (IMQ).
Administration of EGCG ameliorated the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation in plasma obsevered by the protocol with colorimetric Diagnostic Reagent Kit(5), an indication of over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in precipitated free radical chain reaction to induce oxidative stress caused by psoriasis through expression of its antioxidants and induced production of natural antioxidants in the body.
The application of green tea compound increased percentages of CD4+ T cells(5) in immunocytes in activated a series of local immunologically mediated stimulatory events that produce further T cell activation and appearance against triggers conversion of symptomless (PN) skin into psoriatic plaques (PP skin).
Dr. Shuangshuang Zhang(5), the lead author after taking into account of other con founder said, " (
EGCG attenuates the IMQ-induced histological changes of skin) of marked hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, modest acanthosis, elongated rete ridges, and modest dermal inflammation.... , increased parakeratosis, acanthosis and inflammatory cell infiltration (caused by IMQ)".
EGCG exerted anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory and antioxidant effects in ameliorated expression of psoriasis may also have strong implication in prevented psoriasis in induction of chronic inflammation of the joint in catalyzed psoriatic arthritis.
1.3. Juvenile arthritis
According to the joint study lead by Washington State University College of Pharmacy, green tea (EGCG, EGC, and EC) ameliorated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including (IL-6 and IL-8) and Cox-2(11) in primary human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), through the effects of its phytochemical compounds of EGCG and EGC antioxidant activities.
Dr. Fechtner S, the lead researcher said," EGCG is the most effective catechin at inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling, its effectiveness could be hindered by the presence of (epicatechin) EC".
In the investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model with orally/daily distilled water as placebo, indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg body weight; a non-steroidal/anti-inflammatory drug), or tea aqueous extracts (for 28 or 14 consecutive days administrated from day 0 or 14 of arthritis induction, respectively), group treated with high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) the progression and all complications induced by rheumatoid arthritis in compared to placebo(12).
Researchers also found that the expression of anti-arthritic activity of the high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly decreased the systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(12) and the expression of chemokine receptor-5(12), a protein in activated immune activities in the in synovial tissues, in comparable (P > 0.05) to those of indomethacin(12) (12.9-53.8 vs. 9.5-48.4%, respectively).
The anti-arthritic potency of tea aqueous extracts was doses dependent in the order of high dose of GTE > low dose of GTE ≥ high dose of BTE > low dose of BTE(12).
Other researchers suggested that green tea extract in reduced symptoms and risk of complications probably are the result in regulating chemokine(a family of cytokines secreted by cells)(13) production in immune reaction and chemokine receptor expression in interaction with proimflammatory cytokines of human RA synovial fibroblasts, according to rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).
4. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is a condition characterized by aging progression of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States alone.
In a randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial of 50 adults with osteoarthritis of knee allocated to receive the green tea extract (in dosage form of tablet) plus diclofenac tablet as "intervention group"(14); or: diclofenac tablet alone as "control group" for a period of four weeks, combination treated group exerted a significant improvement of physical function in compared to control(14).
Treatment group also expressed a similar progress in pain reduction during knee joint physical function in adults with osteoarthritis as in control group.
In the compared the effect of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract, in chondrocytes culture cell, researchers found that the combination scores an enormous expression in reduced production of pro inflammatory cytokins(15) through various mechanisms, including ameliorated free radical elucidation.
In the support of the above differentiation, the study in the investigation of a posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model tested with EGCG against progression of OA and OA-associated pain, researchers suggested that EGCG-treated mice promoted cartilage protection against Safranin O, staining(16) of knee joint cartilage loss and cartilage erosion in compared to control group with no treatment.
Cartilage of treated mice also displays a significant reduction of gene in regulated degeneration(16) of connective tissue as well as pathways involved promotional of tissues inflammation.
Pain score of treated mice also exhibited a significant enhancement in compared control group(16).
5. Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disease with muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders, affecting mostly older adults beyond age of 65.
In animal study of inflammatory diseases induced by injection of LPS, application of green tea bioactive polyphenols EGCG improved antioxidant status(17) of the host and decreased production of inflammatory factors(17), including PMR through its antioxidant properties.
Application of EGCG reduced symptoms of inflammation such as pain, tension, stiffness, swelling(17) of the infectious site without affecting the function of immune system in protection against micro organisms invasion through inhibiting over-expression of tumor necrosis alpha(TNF-α)(17) involved in systematic inflammatory response to acute phase of infection.
The bioactive compound also inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)(17) in stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines through free radicals chain reactions in facilitated inflammation and precipitated skeletal muscle dysfunction(17) and degradation(17) by infiltrating immune cells to induce direct injury to muscle tissue or activating catabolic signaling.
In fact, over production of ROS increased continuously expression of mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidoreductases, and nitric oxide synthases(17)(19) caused imbalance of the free radicals and antioxidant ratio, in orchestrated oxidative stress to muscle cells..
Further evaluation suggested that green tea EGCG reduced expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6)(17), with function in response to infections and tissue injuries.
Long term over production of IL 6(17) due to the duo factors as a pro and anti inflammatory protein may increase high-level concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA)(17), which has been found to induce serious complications of several chronic inflammatory diseases(18) through generated and deposited amyloid A amyloidosis into the extracellular space in an abnormal, insoluble, fibrillar form,
EGCG also attenuated levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)(17) in regulated innate and adaptive immune functions and served as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses(17)(18) through deactivation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in promoted muscle wasting, leading to muscle atrophy in induction of pain and stiffness and swelling.
Application of green tea EGCG enhanced the natural antioxidant enzymes in the host such as glutathione(19), an antioxidant enzyme produced naturally found in every cell and tissue of the body.
These actions together with antioxidant initiated by injection of green tea EGCG stimulated cell regeneration(17)(19), preserved the muscle cells and tissues and prevented muscle tension to precipitate polymyalgia arthritis.
Deficiency of glutathione levels was found to associate to the early development of Polymyalgia Arthritis in facilitated symptoms of pain, stiffness, achiness, fatigue and fever.
Differentiations of the above were supported by conventional medicine corticosteroids, a powerful anti-inflammatory drugs with function to target pro inflammation cytokines(18) in relieved stiffness and pain in patients with polymyalgia arthritis.
6. Back Pain
Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Alteration in bone geometric and mechanical properties, histomorphometrical parameters of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, and growth plate in adolescent rats after chronic co-exposure to cadmium and lead in the case of supplementation with green, black, red and white tea by Tomaszewska E1, Dobrowolski P2, Winiarska-Mieczan A3, Kwiecień M3, Tomczyk A4, Muszyński S5, Radzki R4.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Santosh K Katiyar
1,2 and Chander Raman(PMC)
(3) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Santosh K Katiyar1,2 and Chander Raman(PMC)
(4) Catechins from green tea (Camellia sinensis) inhibit bovine and human cartilageproteoglycan and type II collagen degradation in vitro by Adcocks C1, Collin P, Buttle DJ.(PubMed)
(5) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation of BALB/c mice by Shuangshuang Zhang,#1 Xiangdong Liu,#2 Lihong Mei,1 Hongfeng Wang,1 and Fang Fang(PMC)
(6) Green tea extract improves the oxidative state of the liver and brain in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by de Almeida Gonçalves G1, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Wendt MM, Comar JF, Bersani Amado CA, Bracht A, Peralta RM.(PubMed)
(7) (Alteration in bone geometric and mechanical properties, histomorphometrical parameters of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, and growth plate in adolescent rats after chronic co-exposure to cadmium and lead in the case of supplementation with green, black, red and white tea by Tomaszewska E1, Dobrowolski P2, Winiarska-Mieczan A3, Kwiecień M3, Tomczyk A4, Muszyński S5, Radzki R4.(PubMed)
(8) Green tea and bone metabolism by Shen CL1, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Wang JS.(PubMed)
(9) Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies by Shen CL1, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Chyu MC, Wang JS.(PubMed)
(10) Supplementation with green tea polyphenols improves bone microstructure and quality in aged, orchidectomized rats by Shen CL1, Cao JJ, Dagda RY, Tenner TE Jr, Chyu MC, Yeh JK.(PubMed)
Sources
(11) Molecular insights into the differences in anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins on IL-1β signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by Fechtner S1, Singh A1, Chourasia M2, Ahmed S3.(PubMed)
(12) Anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Beih NM1, Talaat RM2, Abd El-Ghffar EA1.(PubMed)
(13) Green tea extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Marotte H1, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S.(PubMed)
(14)Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial by Hashempur MH1, Sadrneshin S2, Mosavat SH3, Ashraf A4.(PubMed)
(15) Curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract synergically inhibit inflammatory and catabolic mediator's synthesis by normal bovine and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes in monolayer by Comblain F1, Sanchez C1, Lesponne I2, Balligand M3, Serisier S2, Henrotin Y4.(PubMed)
(16) Green tea polyphenol treatment is chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory and palliative in a mouse post-traumatic osteoarthritis model by Leong DJ, Choudhury M, Hanstein R, Hirsh DM, Kim SJ, Majeska RJ, Schaffler MB, Hardin JA, Spray DC, Goldring MB, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB.(PubMed)
(17) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in rats via suppressing MAPK mediated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by Chen J1, Xu J1, Li J1, Du L1, Chen T2, Liu P1, Peng S1, Wang M1, Song H3.(PubMed)
(18) [Anti-inflammatory effects of tea-flavonoids].[Article in German] by Hoensch H1, Oertel R.(PubMed)
(19) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected]. by Singh R1, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM.(PubMed)
(20) Epigallocatechin 3-gallate suppresses interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory responses in intervertebral disc cells in vitro and reduces radiculopathic pain in rats by Krupkova O1, Sekiguchi M, Klasen J, Hausmann O, Konno S, Ferguson SJ, Wuertz-Kozak K.(PubMed)
(21) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates functional deficits and morphological alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve crush injury by Renno WM1, Al-Maghrebi M, Al-Banaw A.(PubMed)
(22) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Modulates Spinal Cord Neuronal Degeneration by Enhancing Growth-Associated Protein 43, B-Cell Lymphoma 2, and Decreasing B-Cell Lymphoma 2-Associated X Protein Expression after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury(PMC)
(23) Caffeine and chronic low back pain by Currie SR1, Wilson KG, Gauthier ST.(PubMed)
(24) Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies by patients referred to a fibromyalgiatreatment program at a tertiary care center by Wahner-Roedler DL1, Elkin PL, Vincent A, Thompson JM, Oh TH, Loehrer LL, Mandrekar JN, Bauer BA.(PubMed)
(25) Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fibromyalgia by Cordero MD1, de Miguel M, Carmona-López I, Bonal P, Campa F, Moreno-Fernández AM(PubMed)Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)
(26) Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)
(27) The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia by Choy EH(PubMed)
(28) (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates acute stress responses through GABAergic system in the brain by Adachi N1, Tomonaga S, Tachibana T, Denbow DM, Furuse M.(research gate)
(29) Green Tea Health Benefits To Get You Drinking Healthy! by Abby Hannaford
(30) Fibromyalgia and Rheumatic Diseases by Gheita TA*, El-Rabbat SM and Mahmoud NK(Open Access)
(31) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Salahuddin Ahmed(PMC)
Sources
(32) alpha1-Antitrypsin and fibromyalgia: new data in favour of the inflammatory hypothesis of fibromyalgia by Blanco LE1, de Serres FJ, Fernańdez-Bustillo E, Kassam DA, Arbesú D, Rodríguez C, Torre JC.(PubMed)
(33) Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenols by Helieh S. Oz(PubMed Central Canada)
(34) Association and interaction effect between VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms and dietary pattern on blood uric acid in Malays and Indians by Roseline YW1, Shidoji Y1, Hon WM2, Masaki M1.(PubMed)
(35) [Multiple actions of EGCG, the main component of green tea].[Article in French] by L'Allemain G1.(PubMed)
(36) Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits urate crystals-induced peritoneal inflammation in C57BL/6 mice by Jhang JJ1, Lu CC1, Yen GC2.(PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (Camellia sinensis) by Aucamp J1, Gaspar A, Hara Y, Apostolides Z.(PubMed)
(38) Beneficial Properties of Phytochemicals on NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Gout and Complication by Jhang JJ1, Lin JH1, Yen GC1.(PubMed)
(39) Green Tea and Glycine Modulate the Activity of Metalloproteinases and Collagen in the Tendinitis of the Myotendinous Junction of the Achilles Tendon by Vieira CP1, De Oliveira LP2, Da Ré Guerra F3, Marcondes MC2, Pimentel ER2.(PubMed)
(40) Green tea and glycine aid in the recovery of tendinitis of the Achilles tendon of rats by Vieira CP1, Guerra Fda R, de Oliveira LP, Almeida MS, Marcondes MC, Pimentell ER.(PubMed)
(41) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Ahmed S1.(PubMed)
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical conditions mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves over time.
1. Arthritis
Arthritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of one or more of your joints, leading to joint pain and stiffness.
Arthritis is the common autoimmune disorder affected over 50 millions world wide, according to the statistic.
According to the College of Pharmacy, green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in preclinical studies displayed a significant effect in treatment of arthritic disease(41).
In the study to evaluate the possible effects of the administration of green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats(3), researchers indicated that rats treated with green tea EGCG showed a significant improvement in restored natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol levels produced by the body, by exhibiting the activities of the antioxidant enzymes(3).
Green tea injection also normalized the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is increased in the liver of arthritic patients and considered as a risk factor for the development of arthritis(6).
Additional differentiation of green tea EGCG immunomodulatory effects, researchers found that application of green tea EGCG at dose of 10 mg/kg demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated clinical symptoms and reduced histological scores in arthritic mice, through modulated the immune activity by induced over expression of the Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway(6).
EGCG also ameliorated experimental arthritis in mice by eliciting indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma, astrocytes and microglia in facilitated production of dendritic cells (DCs)(6) in activation of the immune system to attack the dendritic cell located on surface on the joint tissue.
1.1. Cartilage Inside The Joint
Cartilage is a connected tissue, rubber-like padding between the joint of the bone with function to protect against bones rubbing against each other at the end points.
In the study of adolescent male Wistar rats 12-week exposure to Cd and Pb (7mg Cd and 50mg Pb in 1kg of the diet randomly assigned to 12 to each group, as positive control received without Cd, Pb and teas, a negative control group received Cd and Pb, and groups supplemented additionally with green (GT), black (BT), red (RT), and white tea (WT), application of tea significant inhibited the decreased levels of the geometric(shape) and densitometric(density) parameters and total thickness of articular cartilage(1) caused by Cd and Pb in compared to the negative control group.
Tea injection group also displayed a huge improvement in mechanical endurance, growth plate thickness, and trabecular histomorphometry depending on the tea type(1).
Due to limitation of the study, Dr. Tomaszewska E, the lead researcher said, " It is difficult to indicate which tea has the best protective effects on bone and hyaline cartilage against heavy metal action".
Some scientists insisted that green tea with bioactive epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, may be the ingredient in contributed to the cartilage protection against various types of influence(2).
Application of green tea EGCG in drinking water of mice was found to prevent collagen-induced arthritis through inhibiting the production of certain proinflammatory factors in association of damage of collagen such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)(2), a cell signaling cytokine with pro inflammatory involvement in systemic inflammation and cyclooxygenase-2(2), an enzyme in response to inflammation and pain.
In EGCG treatment of human chondrocytes derived from OA cartilage, the application inhibited and modulated IL-1β cytokines(2) in induced activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2(3) through its immune and inflammatory signalling and production of nitric oxide in contribution of T lymphocyte dysfunction and prostaglandin E2(2) in promotion of inflammation in chondrocytes.
According to the study, the inhibition of IL-1β by EGCG in human chondrocytes was also associated with its inhibitory effects on the activation of nuclear translocation of NF-κB(2) in expression of proinflammatory activity.
Dr. Santosh K Katiya, the lead author, after taking into account of other co founders said, "These data thus provide a mechanistic link in prevention of arthritis responses as well as potential therapeutic value for EGCG/GTPs inhibiting cartilage resorption in arthritic joints".
In investigated the effects of catechins found in green tea on cartilage extracellular matrix components using bovine nasal and metacarpophalangeal cartilage as well as human non diseased, osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage cultured with and without reagents known to accelerate cartilage matrix breakdown in vitro, researchers found that catechins, containing gallate ester, were most effective in inhibited proteoglycan and type II collagen breakdown without inducing adverse effects(4).
These results suggested that some green tea catechins may have a significant effect in protected or delayed against cartilage reduction and joint damage through protection of chondrocytes.
Dr. Adcocks C, the lead author said, "green tea may be prophylactic for arthritis and may benefit the arthritis patient by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown".
1.2. Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis, affecting some people with condition of psoriasis.
In the investigation of green tea EGCG effect on BALB/c mice induced psoriasis by topically treated with imiquimod (IMQ) for 6 consecutive days in psoriatic mouse model, researchers found that application of green tea bioactive compound demonstrates a significant effect in improved psoriasiform dermatitis, and the skin pathological structure by inhibited the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)(5) which has been found in elevated levels in patient with psoriasis.
The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) considered as a bio marker and a abnormal proliferating cell pool in patient with skin cancer was also inhibited by EGCG injection
Administration of EGCG promoted caspase-14 expression(5) which has been altered in patients with psoriasis to orchestrate epidermal differentiation in decreased in inflammatory lesions in atopic dermatitis through its function as a novel regulator of skin cell differentiation and skin barrier formation to protect the skin cell against inflammation.
Treatment of EGCG also attenuated skin inflammation through reduced levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-17A(5), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced by a group of T helper cell and IL-17F a pro inflammatory cytokine and immune mediator in trigger the innate immune activity in the acute phase of infection.
Injection of green EGCG also inhibited the T helper (Th) cell subsets IL-22(5) in secreted cytokines in stimulated immune the defense against certain microbes and the development and maintenance of chronic inflammatory diseases and IL-23(5) in enhanced the expansion of T helper type 17 (Th17)(5) cells which have been found to associate to prevalence of many of the inflammatory autoimmune responses, including psoriasis.
Green tea also reduced infiltrations of T cells in facilitate inflammatory skin lesions caused by injection of imiquimod (IMQ).
Administration of EGCG ameliorated the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation in plasma obsevered by the protocol with colorimetric Diagnostic Reagent Kit(5), an indication of over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in precipitated free radical chain reaction to induce oxidative stress caused by psoriasis through expression of its antioxidants and induced production of natural antioxidants in the body.
The application of green tea compound increased percentages of CD4+ T cells(5) in immunocytes in activated a series of local immunologically mediated stimulatory events that produce further T cell activation and appearance against triggers conversion of symptomless (PN) skin into psoriatic plaques (PP skin).
Dr. Shuangshuang Zhang(5), the lead author after taking into account of other con founder said, " (
EGCG attenuates the IMQ-induced histological changes of skin) of marked hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, modest acanthosis, elongated rete ridges, and modest dermal inflammation.... , increased parakeratosis, acanthosis and inflammatory cell infiltration (caused by IMQ)".
EGCG exerted anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory and antioxidant effects in ameliorated expression of psoriasis may also have strong implication in prevented psoriasis in induction of chronic inflammation of the joint in catalyzed psoriatic arthritis.
1.3. Juvenile arthritis
Juvenile arthritis is an inflammatory disease affecting the synovium in children aged 16 or younger.
According to the statistic, the most common form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), affects over 50,000 children in the United States alone.
In the investigation of the effect of green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis with daily doses of 250 mg kg(-1) (59.8 mg catechins per kg) for 23 days, researchers at the State University of Maringá, found that treatment group expessed a significant activity in reduced the protein and lipid damage in liver, brain and plasma, caused by ROS expression(6) in induction of oxidation in association of the progression of arthritis.
Injection of green tea extract also enhanced the over expression of antioxidant defenses, found in low levels in patients with arthritis through restoration of the glutathione (GSH)(6) with important function in preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species and protein thiol levels in reduced cellular oxidation through chelative and detoxified activities and improved the natural antioxidant enzymes, produced by the body.
Green tea extract also inhibited the elevated levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(6) in the liver, one of major risk factor for the development of arthritis.
These results suggested that application of green tea exerted a significantly profound effect in the liver and brain of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis through reduced over expression of oxidative stress in precipitated injury to lipids and proteins.
Some researchers suggested that by modifying the metabolic function in lipid and protein, green tea extract exhibited a strong protective effect in reduced the symptoms and progression of arthritis.
According to the study of University of Health System of green tea effect in patient with rheumatoid
arthritis, injection of green tea extract demonstrated a therapeutic effect in patients synovial fibroblast
of the lining of the tissue(7) which surround the capsule of the joint by inhibited the production of IL-1B(7), a prototypic proinflammatory cytokines in response to acute and chronic inflammation. Over expression of IL-1B is associated in contribution of joint damage.
In the study of adolescent male Wistar rats 12-week exposure to Cd and Pb (7mg Cd and 50mg Pb in 1kg of the diet randomly assigned to 12 to each group, as positive control received without Cd, Pb and teas, a negative control group received Cd and Pb, and groups supplemented additionally with green (GT), black (BT), red (RT), and white tea (WT), researchers indicated that application of tea significant inhibits the decreased levels of the geometric(shape) and densitometric(density) parameters and total thickness of articular cartilage(1) caused by Cd and Pb in compared to the negative control group.
Tea injection group also displayed a huge improvement in mechanical endurance, growth plate thickness(1), and trabecular histomorphometry depending on the tea type.
More importantly, in the examine some major factors in contributed to the juvenile arthritis, green tea rich in catechins (Healthya green tea) in animal study restored these biomarkers of cytokine genes (IL-1A, IL-2, IFN-alpha, FGF-alpha, TNF-alpha)(1) to near normal levels, thus preventing or attenuating the development of a certain type of inflammatory arthritis.
2. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by progression in reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue and considered as a major health problem in both elderly men and women.
In the study to evluate the effects of ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds in mitigating bone loss and risk of osteoporotic fractures in both elderly women and men, researchers found that application of green tea and its bioactive compounds exert significant activities in reduced onset of osteoporosis, through its antioxidants and its initiation of the production of natural antioxidant in the body such as glutathione and enzymes(8) (e.g., catalase and superoxide dismutase) in inhibited the levels of ROS in facilitated the chain reaction.
The over expression of free radicals has been associated to the change in balance between activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts(8), leading to osteoclasts in destroyed the calcified tissue and induced bone remodeling.
These results demonstrated a significant decrease of risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density and preventing free radicals in damage the bone-forming osteoblasts while suppressing osteoclastic activities.
The review of the effect of green tea on bone health, researchers indicated that ingestion of green and its bioactive compound display an impressive osteo-protective impact on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models associated to aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation(9).
The implication of reduced onset and progression of osteoporosis in aging population due to sex hormone deficiency of the study may be attributed to green tea and its bioactive compound in increased the levels of osteocalcin(9), a bone formation marker, decreased serum of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(9), a bone resorption marker and improved the body in absorption of calcium.
Serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) are considered as an effective measurement in the rate of bone turn over in patients with osteoporosis.
Application of green tea and its bioactive compound also found to modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through inhibited the production of C-reactive protein (CRP)(10) production in the liver in demonstrated of inflammation by reduced levels of interleukin-1 and 6(IL-1-6)(10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)(10), the sensitive markers of systemic inflammation.
These differentiation were supported by the study in evaluation of the efficacy of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) at mitigating bone loss and microstructure deterioration along with related mechanisms in 40 androgen-deficient aged male rats, a model of male osteoporosis, randomly assigned to received A 2 (sham vs. orchidectomy) × 2 (no GTP and 0.5% GTP in drinking water)(10) for 16 weeks.
At the end of experiment, researchers found that rats treated with GTP demonstrate an increased serum osteocalcin concentrations, bone mineral density, and trabecular volume, number, and strength of femur; increased trabecular volume and thickness and bone formation in both the proximal tibia and periosteal tibial shaft(10); decreased eroded surface in the proximal tibia and endocortical tibial shaft; and increased liver glutathione peroxidase activity(10).
These results indicated a strong implication of green tea polyphenols in decreased cortical and trabecular bone loss and increased both bone density by stimulated over expression of bone formation and reduced bone resorption via antioxidant capacity.
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
According to the statistic, the most common form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), affects over 50,000 children in the United States alone.
In the investigation of the effect of green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, a model for human rheumatoid arthritis with daily doses of 250 mg kg(-1) (59.8 mg catechins per kg) for 23 days, researchers at the State University of Maringá, found that treatment group expessed a significant activity in reduced the protein and lipid damage in liver, brain and plasma, caused by ROS expression(6) in induction of oxidation in association of the progression of arthritis.
Injection of green tea extract also enhanced the over expression of antioxidant defenses, found in low levels in patients with arthritis through restoration of the glutathione (GSH)(6) with important function in preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species and protein thiol levels in reduced cellular oxidation through chelative and detoxified activities and improved the natural antioxidant enzymes, produced by the body.
Green tea extract also inhibited the elevated levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(6) in the liver, one of major risk factor for the development of arthritis.
These results suggested that application of green tea exerted a significantly profound effect in the liver and brain of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis through reduced over expression of oxidative stress in precipitated injury to lipids and proteins.
Some researchers suggested that by modifying the metabolic function in lipid and protein, green tea extract exhibited a strong protective effect in reduced the symptoms and progression of arthritis.
According to the study of University of Health System of green tea effect in patient with rheumatoid
arthritis, injection of green tea extract demonstrated a therapeutic effect in patients synovial fibroblast
of the lining of the tissue(7) which surround the capsule of the joint by inhibited the production of IL-1B(7), a prototypic proinflammatory cytokines in response to acute and chronic inflammation. Over expression of IL-1B is associated in contribution of joint damage.
In the study of adolescent male Wistar rats 12-week exposure to Cd and Pb (7mg Cd and 50mg Pb in 1kg of the diet randomly assigned to 12 to each group, as positive control received without Cd, Pb and teas, a negative control group received Cd and Pb, and groups supplemented additionally with green (GT), black (BT), red (RT), and white tea (WT), researchers indicated that application of tea significant inhibits the decreased levels of the geometric(shape) and densitometric(density) parameters and total thickness of articular cartilage(1) caused by Cd and Pb in compared to the negative control group.
Tea injection group also displayed a huge improvement in mechanical endurance, growth plate thickness(1), and trabecular histomorphometry depending on the tea type.
More importantly, in the examine some major factors in contributed to the juvenile arthritis, green tea rich in catechins (Healthya green tea) in animal study restored these biomarkers of cytokine genes (IL-1A, IL-2, IFN-alpha, FGF-alpha, TNF-alpha)(1) to near normal levels, thus preventing or attenuating the development of a certain type of inflammatory arthritis.
2. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by progression in reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue and considered as a major health problem in both elderly men and women.
In the study to evluate the effects of ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds in mitigating bone loss and risk of osteoporotic fractures in both elderly women and men, researchers found that application of green tea and its bioactive compounds exert significant activities in reduced onset of osteoporosis, through its antioxidants and its initiation of the production of natural antioxidant in the body such as glutathione and enzymes(8) (e.g., catalase and superoxide dismutase) in inhibited the levels of ROS in facilitated the chain reaction.
The over expression of free radicals has been associated to the change in balance between activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts(8), leading to osteoclasts in destroyed the calcified tissue and induced bone remodeling.
These results demonstrated a significant decrease of risk of fracture by improving bone mineral density and preventing free radicals in damage the bone-forming osteoblasts while suppressing osteoclastic activities.
The review of the effect of green tea on bone health, researchers indicated that ingestion of green and its bioactive compound display an impressive osteo-protective impact on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models associated to aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation(9).
The implication of reduced onset and progression of osteoporosis in aging population due to sex hormone deficiency of the study may be attributed to green tea and its bioactive compound in increased the levels of osteocalcin(9), a bone formation marker, decreased serum of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(9), a bone resorption marker and improved the body in absorption of calcium.
Serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) are considered as an effective measurement in the rate of bone turn over in patients with osteoporosis.
Application of green tea and its bioactive compound also found to modulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through inhibited the production of C-reactive protein (CRP)(10) production in the liver in demonstrated of inflammation by reduced levels of interleukin-1 and 6(IL-1-6)(10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)(10), the sensitive markers of systemic inflammation.
These differentiation were supported by the study in evaluation of the efficacy of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) at mitigating bone loss and microstructure deterioration along with related mechanisms in 40 androgen-deficient aged male rats, a model of male osteoporosis, randomly assigned to received A 2 (sham vs. orchidectomy) × 2 (no GTP and 0.5% GTP in drinking water)(10) for 16 weeks.
At the end of experiment, researchers found that rats treated with GTP demonstrate an increased serum osteocalcin concentrations, bone mineral density, and trabecular volume, number, and strength of femur; increased trabecular volume and thickness and bone formation in both the proximal tibia and periosteal tibial shaft(10); decreased eroded surface in the proximal tibia and endocortical tibial shaft; and increased liver glutathione peroxidase activity(10).
These results indicated a strong implication of green tea polyphenols in decreased cortical and trabecular bone loss and increased both bone density by stimulated over expression of bone formation and reduced bone resorption via antioxidant capacity.
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body after the ages of 40 and causing diminished quality of life in many elder.
According to the joint study lead by Washington State University College of Pharmacy, green tea (EGCG, EGC, and EC) ameliorated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including (IL-6 and IL-8) and Cox-2(11) in primary human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), through the effects of its phytochemical compounds of EGCG and EGC antioxidant activities.
Dr. Fechtner S, the lead researcher said," EGCG is the most effective catechin at inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling, its effectiveness could be hindered by the presence of (epicatechin) EC".
In the investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model with orally/daily distilled water as placebo, indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg body weight; a non-steroidal/anti-inflammatory drug), or tea aqueous extracts (for 28 or 14 consecutive days administrated from day 0 or 14 of arthritis induction, respectively), group treated with high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) the progression and all complications induced by rheumatoid arthritis in compared to placebo(12).
Researchers also found that the expression of anti-arthritic activity of the high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly decreased the systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines(12) and the expression of chemokine receptor-5(12), a protein in activated immune activities in the in synovial tissues, in comparable (P > 0.05) to those of indomethacin(12) (12.9-53.8 vs. 9.5-48.4%, respectively).
The anti-arthritic potency of tea aqueous extracts was doses dependent in the order of high dose of GTE > low dose of GTE ≥ high dose of BTE > low dose of BTE(12).
Other researchers suggested that green tea extract in reduced symptoms and risk of complications probably are the result in regulating chemokine(a family of cytokines secreted by cells)(13) production in immune reaction and chemokine receptor expression in interaction with proimflammatory cytokines of human RA synovial fibroblasts, according to rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).
4. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is a condition characterized by aging progression of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States alone.
In a randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial of 50 adults with osteoarthritis of knee allocated to receive the green tea extract (in dosage form of tablet) plus diclofenac tablet as "intervention group"(14); or: diclofenac tablet alone as "control group" for a period of four weeks, combination treated group exerted a significant improvement of physical function in compared to control(14).
Treatment group also expressed a similar progress in pain reduction during knee joint physical function in adults with osteoarthritis as in control group.
In the compared the effect of curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract, in chondrocytes culture cell, researchers found that the combination scores an enormous expression in reduced production of pro inflammatory cytokins(15) through various mechanisms, including ameliorated free radical elucidation.
In the support of the above differentiation, the study in the investigation of a posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mouse model tested with EGCG against progression of OA and OA-associated pain, researchers suggested that EGCG-treated mice promoted cartilage protection against Safranin O, staining(16) of knee joint cartilage loss and cartilage erosion in compared to control group with no treatment.
Cartilage of treated mice also displays a significant reduction of gene in regulated degeneration(16) of connective tissue as well as pathways involved promotional of tissues inflammation.
Pain score of treated mice also exhibited a significant enhancement in compared control group(16).
5. Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disease with muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders, affecting mostly older adults beyond age of 65.
In animal study of inflammatory diseases induced by injection of LPS, application of green tea bioactive polyphenols EGCG improved antioxidant status(17) of the host and decreased production of inflammatory factors(17), including PMR through its antioxidant properties.
Application of EGCG reduced symptoms of inflammation such as pain, tension, stiffness, swelling(17) of the infectious site without affecting the function of immune system in protection against micro organisms invasion through inhibiting over-expression of tumor necrosis alpha(TNF-α)(17) involved in systematic inflammatory response to acute phase of infection.
The bioactive compound also inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)(17) in stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines through free radicals chain reactions in facilitated inflammation and precipitated skeletal muscle dysfunction(17) and degradation(17) by infiltrating immune cells to induce direct injury to muscle tissue or activating catabolic signaling.
In fact, over production of ROS increased continuously expression of mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidoreductases, and nitric oxide synthases(17)(19) caused imbalance of the free radicals and antioxidant ratio, in orchestrated oxidative stress to muscle cells..
Further evaluation suggested that green tea EGCG reduced expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6)(17), with function in response to infections and tissue injuries.
Long term over production of IL 6(17) due to the duo factors as a pro and anti inflammatory protein may increase high-level concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA)(17), which has been found to induce serious complications of several chronic inflammatory diseases(18) through generated and deposited amyloid A amyloidosis into the extracellular space in an abnormal, insoluble, fibrillar form,
EGCG also attenuated levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)(17) in regulated innate and adaptive immune functions and served as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses(17)(18) through deactivation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in promoted muscle wasting, leading to muscle atrophy in induction of pain and stiffness and swelling.
Application of green tea EGCG enhanced the natural antioxidant enzymes in the host such as glutathione(19), an antioxidant enzyme produced naturally found in every cell and tissue of the body.
These actions together with antioxidant initiated by injection of green tea EGCG stimulated cell regeneration(17)(19), preserved the muscle cells and tissues and prevented muscle tension to precipitate polymyalgia arthritis.
Deficiency of glutathione levels was found to associate to the early development of Polymyalgia Arthritis in facilitated symptoms of pain, stiffness, achiness, fatigue and fever.
Differentiations of the above were supported by conventional medicine corticosteroids, a powerful anti-inflammatory drugs with function to target pro inflammation cytokines(18) in relieved stiffness and pain in patients with polymyalgia arthritis.
6. Back Pain
Back pain is a condition of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) of the spine caused by various factors, including bone fractures, muscle or ligament injure, arthritis, herniated discs. aging,....
Application of biologically active polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) demonstrated a significant effect in reduced back pain through facilitate anti inflammatory(20) and anti-catabolic activity(20) in patients with intervertebral disc (IVD) disease due to age-related changes in the adult disc in induction of back pain.
According to the study by the Institute for Biomechanics (D-HEST), ETH Zurich ingestion of green tea EGCG on back pain patients, human IVD cells isolated from patients undergoing surgery due to degenerative disc disease (n = 34) and cultured in 2D or 3D indicated that the phytochemicals inhibited levels of inflammatory response activated by IL-1β(20), a cytokine protein produced by macrophages, with function in contributed to the inflammatory pain hypersensitivity in the site of infection observed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)(20), western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)(20), immunofluorescence and transcription factor assay(20).
Application also displayed a strong effect in reduced expression of
p38(20) mitogen-activated protein kinases in mediated inflammatory factors of IL-1β(20) in responded to stress stimuli.
Also, according to the Institute for Biomechanics (D-HEST), in the investigation of the analgesic properties of EGCG, by the von Frey filament test in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60), green tea EGCG injection also significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators as expressed in above and reduced matrix metalloproteinases(21) which have been found to associate to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other proteins to regulate various aspects of inflammation and immunity.
In the radiculopathic pain component, researchers also indicated that EGCG inhibited the inflammation in precipitated back pain through modulation of the activity of IRAK-1(21) in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)(21) and nuclear factor NF-κB(21) in responded to stress stimuli in mediated production of pain related pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β(21).
Some researchers postulated that back pain may also induced by muscle degeneration and impairment nerve injury, leading to increased levels of reactive oxygen species in induced tissue apoptosis.
In crushing of the sciatic nerve induced back pain in tested animal, application of green tea EGCG improved motor function in the toe spread and foot positioning and gain in the percentage motor deficit(22).
EGCG expressed a significant effect in recovery of sensory innervation in neuropathic pain-like syndrome and improvement of muscle tissues from injured limb with severe histopathological alterations at the end of week 3 post-surgery in treated animals(22).
According to the RT-PCR assay, EGCG treatment also normalizing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(22), abnormal ratio of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio has been found to associate in induction of nerve cell apoptosis as well as inhibited levels of p53(22) with function in regulated the cell death cycle at days 3 and 7 post-surgery.
These results demonstrated an important effect of green tea EGCG in enhanced functional recovery, protected muscle fibers from cellular death, and improved morphological recovery in skeletal muscle after nerve injuries.
However, in the study of caffeine activity in the modulation of pain perception in chronic pain states of 131 patients with chronic low back pain (64 men and 67 women; mean age = 42.1 years; mean duration of pain = 6.1 years) referred to a multidisciplinary pain clinic over a 2-year period, researchers found that regardless to concentration, caffeine is not related to the global experience of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain(23), although high caffeine use may be embedded in a context of other unhealthy life-style behaviors.
7. Fibromyalgia (FM)
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by muscle and soft tissue pain, affecting over 10 million (3.6% of the population) people in US alone.
7.1. Fibromyalgia Caused by Oxidative Stress
According to the study in review of literature of the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) of 289(95%) patients who completed the survey (263 women and 26 men) between February 2003 and July 2003, green tea was recommended at 24% for treatment of fibromyalgia (FM)(24).
In other words, in herbal medicine, green tea is considered to have certain effect in reduced symptoms and treatment of such syndrome.
Some evidences in medical literature suggested that over production of ROS in induction of oxidative stress(25) may have a strong implication in the pathophysiology of FM.
In the investigation of the effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in protection of oxidative stress to cardiac cells cultured in the conditions of control, 400 μM H2O2 exposure for 30 min with and/or without 10 to 20 μM EGCG pre-treatment, researchers at the National Tsing Hua University found that treatment of green tea in H(2)O(2) group demonstrated a significant reduction of levels of reactive oxygen species through its antioxidant and its ability(25) in induced production of natural antioxidant presented in the cardiac cells in compared to over expression of ROS in H2O2 treatment group without injection of EGCG.
Also, application of green tea reduced levels of cytosolic Ca2+ overload in the H(2)O(2) group in induced oxidative stress(25) through improved antioxidant protein.
EGCG inhibited H(2)O(2) expression in increased glycolytic protein in response to the degree of oxidative stress in the culture cells and α-enolase(25), a key glycolytic enzyme on the surface of several cell types in contribution of impaired glycolytic activity through oxidative and nitrative stress.
Additionally, green tea EGCG also increased levels of peroxiredoxin-4(25), an antioxidant with function in protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and mitochondrial proteins with function of redox reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
After taking into account of other con founders, researchers suggested that ingestion of green tea EGCG inhibited the damage of H(2)O(2) group through inhibition of the downstream signalling for Akt in expression glucose oxidation and cell apoptosis in cellular processes, and loss of phosphorylation of GSK-3β(25) and cyclin D1(25) depletion in facilitated oxidative stress.
These result postulated that green tea EGCG exerted the similar inhibited effect of those of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763) in significantly improved H(2)O(2)-induced suppression on cell viability, phosphorylation of pAkt (S473) and pGSK-3β (S9), and level of cyclin D1 in cells(25).
The above differentiation was supported by the study conducted by the Universidad de Sevilla(26), in evaluated some evidences of green tea in reduced oxidative stress in facilitated pathophysiology of FM in initiated signs and symptoms of muscular alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction.
In primary rat model, administration of green tea EGCG in different concentrations for 24 h before being exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 2 h to induce oxidative stress, researchers found that pretreatment with 10, 25, and 50 µM EGCG significantly inhibited the expression of H2O2(26) in reduced substantial decrease in cell viability.
Further analysis also showed that green EGCG application dose of 50 µM ameliorated the proportion of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells increased in cultures caused by H(2)O(2) injection(26), thus reducing H(2)O(2) in induced cell death.
7.2. Fibromyalgia Caused by Sleep Disturbance
Application of biologically active polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) demonstrated a significant effect in reduced back pain through facilitate anti inflammatory(20) and anti-catabolic activity(20) in patients with intervertebral disc (IVD) disease due to age-related changes in the adult disc in induction of back pain.
According to the study by the Institute for Biomechanics (D-HEST), ETH Zurich ingestion of green tea EGCG on back pain patients, human IVD cells isolated from patients undergoing surgery due to degenerative disc disease (n = 34) and cultured in 2D or 3D indicated that the phytochemicals inhibited levels of inflammatory response activated by IL-1β(20), a cytokine protein produced by macrophages, with function in contributed to the inflammatory pain hypersensitivity in the site of infection observed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)(20), western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)(20), immunofluorescence and transcription factor assay(20).
Application also displayed a strong effect in reduced expression of
p38(20) mitogen-activated protein kinases in mediated inflammatory factors of IL-1β(20) in responded to stress stimuli.
Also, according to the Institute for Biomechanics (D-HEST), in the investigation of the analgesic properties of EGCG, by the von Frey filament test in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60), green tea EGCG injection also significantly inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators as expressed in above and reduced matrix metalloproteinases(21) which have been found to associate to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other proteins to regulate various aspects of inflammation and immunity.
In the radiculopathic pain component, researchers also indicated that EGCG inhibited the inflammation in precipitated back pain through modulation of the activity of IRAK-1(21) in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)(21) and nuclear factor NF-κB(21) in responded to stress stimuli in mediated production of pain related pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β(21).
Some researchers postulated that back pain may also induced by muscle degeneration and impairment nerve injury, leading to increased levels of reactive oxygen species in induced tissue apoptosis.
In crushing of the sciatic nerve induced back pain in tested animal, application of green tea EGCG improved motor function in the toe spread and foot positioning and gain in the percentage motor deficit(22).
EGCG expressed a significant effect in recovery of sensory innervation in neuropathic pain-like syndrome and improvement of muscle tissues from injured limb with severe histopathological alterations at the end of week 3 post-surgery in treated animals(22).
According to the RT-PCR assay, EGCG treatment also normalizing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(22), abnormal ratio of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio has been found to associate in induction of nerve cell apoptosis as well as inhibited levels of p53(22) with function in regulated the cell death cycle at days 3 and 7 post-surgery.
These results demonstrated an important effect of green tea EGCG in enhanced functional recovery, protected muscle fibers from cellular death, and improved morphological recovery in skeletal muscle after nerve injuries.
However, in the study of caffeine activity in the modulation of pain perception in chronic pain states of 131 patients with chronic low back pain (64 men and 67 women; mean age = 42.1 years; mean duration of pain = 6.1 years) referred to a multidisciplinary pain clinic over a 2-year period, researchers found that regardless to concentration, caffeine is not related to the global experience of pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain(23), although high caffeine use may be embedded in a context of other unhealthy life-style behaviors.
7. Fibromyalgia (FM)
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by muscle and soft tissue pain, affecting over 10 million (3.6% of the population) people in US alone.
7.1. Fibromyalgia Caused by Oxidative Stress
According to the study in review of literature of the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) of 289(95%) patients who completed the survey (263 women and 26 men) between February 2003 and July 2003, green tea was recommended at 24% for treatment of fibromyalgia (FM)(24).
In other words, in herbal medicine, green tea is considered to have certain effect in reduced symptoms and treatment of such syndrome.
Some evidences in medical literature suggested that over production of ROS in induction of oxidative stress(25) may have a strong implication in the pathophysiology of FM.
In the investigation of the effect of green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in protection of oxidative stress to cardiac cells cultured in the conditions of control, 400 μM H2O2 exposure for 30 min with and/or without 10 to 20 μM EGCG pre-treatment, researchers at the National Tsing Hua University found that treatment of green tea in H(2)O(2) group demonstrated a significant reduction of levels of reactive oxygen species through its antioxidant and its ability(25) in induced production of natural antioxidant presented in the cardiac cells in compared to over expression of ROS in H2O2 treatment group without injection of EGCG.
Also, application of green tea reduced levels of cytosolic Ca2+ overload in the H(2)O(2) group in induced oxidative stress(25) through improved antioxidant protein.
EGCG inhibited H(2)O(2) expression in increased glycolytic protein in response to the degree of oxidative stress in the culture cells and α-enolase(25), a key glycolytic enzyme on the surface of several cell types in contribution of impaired glycolytic activity through oxidative and nitrative stress.
Additionally, green tea EGCG also increased levels of peroxiredoxin-4(25), an antioxidant with function in protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and mitochondrial proteins with function of redox reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
After taking into account of other con founders, researchers suggested that ingestion of green tea EGCG inhibited the damage of H(2)O(2) group through inhibition of the downstream signalling for Akt in expression glucose oxidation and cell apoptosis in cellular processes, and loss of phosphorylation of GSK-3β(25) and cyclin D1(25) depletion in facilitated oxidative stress.
These result postulated that green tea EGCG exerted the similar inhibited effect of those of GSK-3β inhibitor (SB 216763) in significantly improved H(2)O(2)-induced suppression on cell viability, phosphorylation of pAkt (S473) and pGSK-3β (S9), and level of cyclin D1 in cells(25).
The above differentiation was supported by the study conducted by the Universidad de Sevilla(26), in evaluated some evidences of green tea in reduced oxidative stress in facilitated pathophysiology of FM in initiated signs and symptoms of muscular alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction.
In primary rat model, administration of green tea EGCG in different concentrations for 24 h before being exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) for 2 h to induce oxidative stress, researchers found that pretreatment with 10, 25, and 50 µM EGCG significantly inhibited the expression of H2O2(26) in reduced substantial decrease in cell viability.
Further analysis also showed that green EGCG application dose of 50 µM ameliorated the proportion of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells increased in cultures caused by H(2)O(2) injection(26), thus reducing H(2)O(2) in induced cell death.
7.2. Fibromyalgia Caused by Sleep Disturbance
In the study of sleep disturbance causable fibromyalgia Dr. Choy EH suggested that patients with fibromyalgia demonstrated a reduced short-wave sleep and abnormal α-rhythms, suggestive of wakefulness during non-REM (rapid eye movement) sleep in compared to the healthy individuals according observation of polysomnography(27).
In healthy participants, the study indicated that sleep deprivation can also cause fibromyalgia like symptoms such as myalgia, tenderness and fatigue(27) and suggested that sleep dysfunction might be not only a consequence of pain.
These results showed a strongly correlated condition of sleep disturbance in initiation of chronic fibromyalgia if sleep disorders are left untreated for a prolonged period of time.
According to the presentation, long time effect of sleep disturbance may influence and alter the pathophysiology of the central nervous system in abnormal pain processing and central sensitization(27), according to observation of the neuroimaging of patients with fibromyalgia neural activation in compared to lower pressure-pain threshold in healthy age-matched and gender-matched individuals(27).
After taking into account to other con founders, researchers said, " improving sleep quality can reduce pain and fatigue, further supporting the hypothesis that sleep dysfunction is a pathogenic stimulus of fibromyalgia"(27).
Green tea, bioactive polyphenols (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the evaluation of the the chick brain under an acute stressful condition in facilitated sleep disturbance, researchers found that EGCG attenuates stress behavior with special reference to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(28), a neurotransmitter with function in sending chemical messages through the brain and the nervous system, and involving the regulation of communication between brain cells in stress environment.
Deficiency of GABA is associated to many nervous conditions, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
Application of EGCG of doses of 50, 100 and 200 microg, intracerebroventricularly exerted a profound effect in suppressed the vocalization which normally occurs during social separation stress(28).
This illustration truly suggested that EGCG reduced the time spent in active wakefulness and induced sleep-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner.
Under influence and presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin but not by the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 54626 (3-N-(1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl cyclohexylmethyl phosphinic acid hydrochloride)(28), a antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, the effect of green tea EGCG is significantly decrease in attenuated the production of hormone corticosterone release under social separation stress.
These interaction opinionated that EGCG inducted sedation and hypnosis in reduced stress hormone production in precipitated sleep distance probably though GABAA receptors(28) in moderated and acute stress response.
Some researchers suggested that green tea improves symptoms of fibromyalgia by normalizing the levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)(29), may have a therapeutic effect in reduced anxiety by relaxed the muscles and the brain. through increased production of dopamines, serotonin, and alpha waves within the brain in orchestrated the sleep pattern.
These improvements were associated to the interaction of the brain with chemical compounds found in green tea caffeine and L-theanine(29), suggested by the author.
7.3 Fibromyalgia Caused by Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
Inflammatory rheumatic disorder is condition of autoimmune diseases caused inflammatory connective tissues, joint and vessels of the body, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.
According to the Cairo University, as many as 15-30% of patients with classic inflammatory rheumatic disorders also have a co-morbid fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)(30) incompared to the rate of only 2% of the prevalence of FMS in the general population (2%)(30).
These results suggested that rheumatological syndromes have a strong implication in the development of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in compared to other initiators such as stress.
Therefore, patients with chronic rheumatic diseases are capable of triggering condition of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).
Due to the highly correlated rheumatologic disease and FMS component, researchers postulated "Considerations of the FMS component in the management of rheumatologic diseases increase the likelihood of the success of the treatment" and "(prevented) FMS in misdiagnosed as an autoimmune disorder"(30).
In the study of the effect of green tea's active ingredient, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in risk of inflammatory rheumatic disorders in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, researchers found that application of green tea demonstrates a substantially marked inhibition of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase (COX) -2(31) in converting arachidonic acid in stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin H2, in catalyzation(31) of symptoms of inflammation in the muscles.
Green tea EGCG oral ingestion also inhibited levels of interferon gamma in precipitated inflammation by modulating T-cells(31) and natural killer cells(31) activated by antigens, mitogens or alloantigens to the site of infection, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)(31) involved in systemic inflammation, one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction in mice was also inhibited by injection of green tea EGCG.
These results suggested that green tea ameliorated symptoms expression of inflammatory rheumatic disorders, through attenuating production pro inflammatory factors without reducing the healing progression of injure tissue.
The above differentiation were supported by the study of green tea extract GTE in modestly ameliorated rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.
According to researchers, a daily per oral administration of GTE (200 mg/kg) reduced expression of RA through reduced levels of MCP-1/CCL2(31) in expression (which can also be treated by biological agents, such as antibodies and inhibitory peptides) of a variety of diseases characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration involved substantial biological and genetic evidence, including RA.
and GROα/CXCL1(31) in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the wound healing process after injury in angiogenesis(31) and in formation of granulation tissue of wounds.
Application of green tea beside attenuated the expression of proinflammatory factors, its also exhibited the production of chemokine receptors CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-5(31) in reduced direct communication between the innate and adaptive immune responses in initiated the development of inflammatory responses. through inactivation of leukocytes(31) in inflamed tissues in contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
And CXCR1 receptor in binding to IL-8 in reduced expression some infallmatory cytokines in initiated inflammation such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)(31).
Some researchers suggested that application of green tea extract may also reduce the symptoms of arthritis through expression of IL-6 levels(31), as increased levels of Il-6 was associated to the presence and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) found in conventional clinical and laboratory indices and MMP-2(31) activity in activated immune inflammatory response through inducing production of pro inflammatory factors.
7.4. Fibromyalgia Caused by Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency
Serum of alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) impregnated in most body tissues circulates in our body in high concentrations with function as a broad anti-inflammatory spectrum in inhibition of enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil elastase.
In the study of the effect of serum of alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) and risk of fibromyalgia (FM), researchers at the Hospital Valle del Nalón found that deficiency of AAT has been found in numbers of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) with severe hereditary(32).
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of these patients revealed a significant greater activity in pain sensitive areas of the brain in response to cutaneous stimuli(32), which may be another evidence for a physiological explanation for FM pain.
Patients with FM also were found to consist an abnormal profile of inflammation markers in biopsies analysis(32).
The results suggested that these patients may have an imbalance levels of pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances, in the soft body tissues caused by alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency.
Due to surprising findings, Dr. Blanco LE(32), the lead author, after taking into account of other confounders, said, "identification of genetic, familial, and environmental risk factors suspected to participate in the FM syndrome development (may be necessary) to determine the gene frequency of AAT deficiency alleles in FM patients".
Green tea, bioactive polyphenols EGCG, according to the Dr Helieh S in animal model induced by alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) (α1-antitrypsin) deficiency exerted a significant anti inflammatory effect in inhibited the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway(32) with function in activated proinflammaory factors(32) through the innate immune response involved in pathogen killing, antigen processing and immune cell survival.
Green tea EGCG application also enhanced antioxidant activity not only through its antioxidant profiles, but also stimulated production of the body natural antioxidants in reduced inflammatory response through nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression(32), observed by Griess reagent and western blotting.
These results indicated that green tea EGCG may have a profound effect in reduced serum alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in initiated the onset of fibromyalgia
The above differentiations were supported by the review of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenol, by Dr. Helieh S. Oz at the University of Kentucky Medical Center(33).
According to the authors, green tea polyphenols are potent antioxidants with important roles in regulating vital signaling pathways in activated inflammatory responses by attenuated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB IKK, NF-κB933) in facilitated innate- and adaptive-immune responses, cell death and inflammation and cytokines like TNFα(33), inflammatory markers and cyclooxygenase-2(33) in elevated symptoms of inflammation and pain.
Dr. Helieh S. in summary said, "green tea polyphenols (GrTPs) are potent antioxidants with important roles in regulating vital signaling pathways" and "these comprise transcription nuclear factor-kappa B mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathways, programmed cell death pathways like caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 (through regulating the cytochrome c release from the mitochondria) and intervention with the surge of inflammatory markers like cytokines and production of cyclooxygenase-2"(33).
8. Gout
Gout is a condition of recurrently inflammatory arthritis characterized by a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint caused by over expression of purine in the body.
According to the study, green tea and its bioactive compoud Epigallo catechin-O-gallate (EGCG) may be considered as a putative curative drug for various diseases of gout, through its properties in reduced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)(34)(35) in response to vascular endothelial growth factor signal (VGFG)(35) for formation of gout through expression of levels of uric acid.
The study also emphasized that green tea with high levels of antioxidant and function in stimulated production of natural antioxidant in the body may also be used to reduce symptoms of recurrently inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory arthritis(37) such as gout, through inhibiting the oxidative stress in induced production of inflammatory cytokines to facilitate symptoms of inflammation(37).
The above differentiation were supported by the study of the effect of EGCG on monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU)-induced inflammation and cryopyrin (NLRP3 inflammasome)(36) activation in C57BL/6 mice received subcutaneous injection or oral gavage of EGCG before the intraperitoneal injection of MSU.
Application green tea EGCG decreased expression of gouty arthritis caused by injection of MSU-induced neutrophil infiltration with function in initiated inflammation in the acute phase of infection and IL-1β secretion(36), in response and resistance to pathogens in exacerbated damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury.
The injection of green EGCG also decreased MSU-triggered neutrophil cytosolic factor 1(36), in activated inflammatory response to optimize healing and reduce injury to the body but the proteins has been found to cause severed damage to the infectious site and NLRP3 protein expression(36) in initiated systematic inflammatory expression.
The effect of green tea in protection against gout occurrence also limited pro-inflammatory mediator secretion interleukin 1 beta (IL1β)(36), a mediator of inflammation, in response to acute phase infection, interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by large amount at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in regulated monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells(36) to the sites of inflammation, and serum amyloid A(36), the serum was found to increase substantially in patient of chronic inflammatory disease.without limiting the function of the mediators in protect the infectious site against pathogens invasion.
The efficacy of green tea in reduced recurrent gout also extended to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome in stimulated caspase-1(38) in promoted secretion of others proinflammatory cytokines activation(38).
Dr. Jhang JJ, the lead author said, "EGCG treatment ameliorates MSU-induced inflammation, suggesting that EGCGexerts anti-inflammatory effect against MSU-induced acute gout attack."
Additionally to above study, the University of Pretoria suggested that polyphenols extracted from green tea also exhibit antioxidant effect in reduced pronounce of oxidative stress by their antioxidant properties(37).
Catechin (C) (Ki = 303.95, uncompetitive), epicatechin (EC) (Ki = 20.48, mixed), epigallocatechin (EGC) (Ki = 10.66, mixed), epicatechin gallate (ECg) (Ki = 2.86, mixed) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) (Ki = 0.76, competitive) were found to have similar efficacy as allopurinol (Ki = 0.30, mixed), the drug used to inhibit the levels of xanthine oxidase (XO)(37) in gout patients, through reduced reactive oxygen species in initiated oxidative stress in induction of inflammatory symptoms.
9. Tendinitis
Tendinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of a tendon as a result of overuse, infection or rheumatic disease.
According to the study of the effect of GT and/or glycine in the diet on tendinitis on Wistar rats, randomly divided into seven groups (G): control group (C); G1 and G4, tendinitis; G2 and G5, tendinitis supplied with GT; and G3 and G6, tendinitis supplied with GT and a glycine diet for 7 or 21 days, respectively, group with tendinitis treated with green tea demonstrated a significant effect in enhanced collagen stablility(40) through expression of hydroxyproline in compared to other groups.
GT and glycine alone treated groups showed an increased activity of metalloproteinase-2 MMP-2 levels(40) which has been associated to the healing process of the fibrous connective tissue in tendinitis patients.
In compared to control and non GT treatment groups, application of green tea or GT+ gyycine group displayed a statistical significance in the decreased muscle retardation(40).
After taking into account of other co founders, Dr. Vieira CP, the lead author said, " GT + a glycine diet has beneficial effects that aid in the recovery process of the tendon after tendinitis".
In the study investigated the remodeling effects of green tea and glycine in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of male Wistar rats with tendinitis, randomly divided into five groups: animals without tendinitis and animals with tendinitis; animals with tendinitis supplied with green tea; animals with tendinitis supplied with a glycine diet; animals with tendinitis supplied with a green tea and glycine diet, researcher found that all treatment groups exerted a profound effect in regulated the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP)-2(39) with function in remodeling the tendon after tendinitis, MMP-8 and -9(99)in associated to remodeling tissue expression in the disease progression and induced the synthesis of type I collagen regulation by cell spreading, platelet-derived growth factor and interactions with collagen fibers.
Rats groups treated above applications also demonstrated an increase of glycosaminoglycans, in stimulated the regenerative processes(39), while maintaining host cell characteristics and function and non-collagenous proteins(39) in modulated the development of fine fibrils presented in collagen fibers of connective tissue
The combination of green tea and glycine also modulated the inflammatory process through stimulated production of anti inflammatory factors and induced the synthesis of the elements, such as extra cellular matrix involved in the post-lesion recovery of the tissue.
These results indicated an important recovery from injured tendon through improving the compaction of the collagen molecules and inducing assembly of early collagen fibers(39), in green tea and glycin treated groups.
After considering of all cofounders, researchers and colleagues at the Anat Rec said, " each region of the inflamed tendon can exhibit different responses during the treatment and therefore, modify its extracellular matrix components to facilitate recovery and repair".
Summary
Taken together, green tea and its bioactive phytochemicals may be considered as functional foods in reduced risk, progression and treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). However, intake of green tea supplement should be taken with extreme care as liver acute toxicity has been reported in numerous medical literature.
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In healthy participants, the study indicated that sleep deprivation can also cause fibromyalgia like symptoms such as myalgia, tenderness and fatigue(27) and suggested that sleep dysfunction might be not only a consequence of pain.
These results showed a strongly correlated condition of sleep disturbance in initiation of chronic fibromyalgia if sleep disorders are left untreated for a prolonged period of time.
According to the presentation, long time effect of sleep disturbance may influence and alter the pathophysiology of the central nervous system in abnormal pain processing and central sensitization(27), according to observation of the neuroimaging of patients with fibromyalgia neural activation in compared to lower pressure-pain threshold in healthy age-matched and gender-matched individuals(27).
After taking into account to other con founders, researchers said, " improving sleep quality can reduce pain and fatigue, further supporting the hypothesis that sleep dysfunction is a pathogenic stimulus of fibromyalgia"(27).
Green tea, bioactive polyphenols (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the evaluation of the the chick brain under an acute stressful condition in facilitated sleep disturbance, researchers found that EGCG attenuates stress behavior with special reference to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(28), a neurotransmitter with function in sending chemical messages through the brain and the nervous system, and involving the regulation of communication between brain cells in stress environment.
Deficiency of GABA is associated to many nervous conditions, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders.
Application of EGCG of doses of 50, 100 and 200 microg, intracerebroventricularly exerted a profound effect in suppressed the vocalization which normally occurs during social separation stress(28).
This illustration truly suggested that EGCG reduced the time spent in active wakefulness and induced sleep-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner.
Under influence and presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin but not by the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 54626 (3-N-(1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl cyclohexylmethyl phosphinic acid hydrochloride)(28), a antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, the effect of green tea EGCG is significantly decrease in attenuated the production of hormone corticosterone release under social separation stress.
These interaction opinionated that EGCG inducted sedation and hypnosis in reduced stress hormone production in precipitated sleep distance probably though GABAA receptors(28) in moderated and acute stress response.
Some researchers suggested that green tea improves symptoms of fibromyalgia by normalizing the levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)(29), may have a therapeutic effect in reduced anxiety by relaxed the muscles and the brain. through increased production of dopamines, serotonin, and alpha waves within the brain in orchestrated the sleep pattern.
These improvements were associated to the interaction of the brain with chemical compounds found in green tea caffeine and L-theanine(29), suggested by the author.
7.3 Fibromyalgia Caused by Inflammatory Rheumatic Disorders
Inflammatory rheumatic disorder is condition of autoimmune diseases caused inflammatory connective tissues, joint and vessels of the body, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis.
According to the Cairo University, as many as 15-30% of patients with classic inflammatory rheumatic disorders also have a co-morbid fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)(30) incompared to the rate of only 2% of the prevalence of FMS in the general population (2%)(30).
These results suggested that rheumatological syndromes have a strong implication in the development of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in compared to other initiators such as stress.
Therefore, patients with chronic rheumatic diseases are capable of triggering condition of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).
Due to the highly correlated rheumatologic disease and FMS component, researchers postulated "Considerations of the FMS component in the management of rheumatologic diseases increase the likelihood of the success of the treatment" and "(prevented) FMS in misdiagnosed as an autoimmune disorder"(30).
In the study of the effect of green tea's active ingredient, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in risk of inflammatory rheumatic disorders in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, researchers found that application of green tea demonstrates a substantially marked inhibition of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase (COX) -2(31) in converting arachidonic acid in stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokine prostaglandin H2, in catalyzation(31) of symptoms of inflammation in the muscles.
Green tea EGCG oral ingestion also inhibited levels of interferon gamma in precipitated inflammation by modulating T-cells(31) and natural killer cells(31) activated by antigens, mitogens or alloantigens to the site of infection, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)(31) involved in systemic inflammation, one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction in mice was also inhibited by injection of green tea EGCG.
These results suggested that green tea ameliorated symptoms expression of inflammatory rheumatic disorders, through attenuating production pro inflammatory factors without reducing the healing progression of injure tissue.
The above differentiation were supported by the study of green tea extract GTE in modestly ameliorated rat adjuvant-induced arthritis.
According to researchers, a daily per oral administration of GTE (200 mg/kg) reduced expression of RA through reduced levels of MCP-1/CCL2(31) in expression (which can also be treated by biological agents, such as antibodies and inhibitory peptides) of a variety of diseases characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration involved substantial biological and genetic evidence, including RA.
and GROα/CXCL1(31) in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the wound healing process after injury in angiogenesis(31) and in formation of granulation tissue of wounds.
Application of green tea beside attenuated the expression of proinflammatory factors, its also exhibited the production of chemokine receptors CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-5(31) in reduced direct communication between the innate and adaptive immune responses in initiated the development of inflammatory responses. through inactivation of leukocytes(31) in inflamed tissues in contribution to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
And CXCR1 receptor in binding to IL-8 in reduced expression some infallmatory cytokines in initiated inflammation such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)(31).
Some researchers suggested that application of green tea extract may also reduce the symptoms of arthritis through expression of IL-6 levels(31), as increased levels of Il-6 was associated to the presence and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) found in conventional clinical and laboratory indices and MMP-2(31) activity in activated immune inflammatory response through inducing production of pro inflammatory factors.
7.4. Fibromyalgia Caused by Alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency
Serum of alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) impregnated in most body tissues circulates in our body in high concentrations with function as a broad anti-inflammatory spectrum in inhibition of enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil elastase.
In the study of the effect of serum of alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) and risk of fibromyalgia (FM), researchers at the Hospital Valle del Nalón found that deficiency of AAT has been found in numbers of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) with severe hereditary(32).
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of these patients revealed a significant greater activity in pain sensitive areas of the brain in response to cutaneous stimuli(32), which may be another evidence for a physiological explanation for FM pain.
Patients with FM also were found to consist an abnormal profile of inflammation markers in biopsies analysis(32).
The results suggested that these patients may have an imbalance levels of pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances, in the soft body tissues caused by alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency.
Due to surprising findings, Dr. Blanco LE(32), the lead author, after taking into account of other confounders, said, "identification of genetic, familial, and environmental risk factors suspected to participate in the FM syndrome development (may be necessary) to determine the gene frequency of AAT deficiency alleles in FM patients".
Green tea, bioactive polyphenols EGCG, according to the Dr Helieh S in animal model induced by alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) (α1-antitrypsin) deficiency exerted a significant anti inflammatory effect in inhibited the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway(32) with function in activated proinflammaory factors(32) through the innate immune response involved in pathogen killing, antigen processing and immune cell survival.
Green tea EGCG application also enhanced antioxidant activity not only through its antioxidant profiles, but also stimulated production of the body natural antioxidants in reduced inflammatory response through nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression(32), observed by Griess reagent and western blotting.
These results indicated that green tea EGCG may have a profound effect in reduced serum alpha1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in initiated the onset of fibromyalgia
The above differentiations were supported by the review of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenol, by Dr. Helieh S. Oz at the University of Kentucky Medical Center(33).
According to the authors, green tea polyphenols are potent antioxidants with important roles in regulating vital signaling pathways in activated inflammatory responses by attenuated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB IKK, NF-κB933) in facilitated innate- and adaptive-immune responses, cell death and inflammation and cytokines like TNFα(33), inflammatory markers and cyclooxygenase-2(33) in elevated symptoms of inflammation and pain.
Dr. Helieh S. in summary said, "green tea polyphenols (GrTPs) are potent antioxidants with important roles in regulating vital signaling pathways" and "these comprise transcription nuclear factor-kappa B mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathways, programmed cell death pathways like caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 (through regulating the cytochrome c release from the mitochondria) and intervention with the surge of inflammatory markers like cytokines and production of cyclooxygenase-2"(33).
8. Gout
Gout is a condition of recurrently inflammatory arthritis characterized by a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint caused by over expression of purine in the body.
According to the study, green tea and its bioactive compoud Epigallo catechin-O-gallate (EGCG) may be considered as a putative curative drug for various diseases of gout, through its properties in reduced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)(34)(35) in response to vascular endothelial growth factor signal (VGFG)(35) for formation of gout through expression of levels of uric acid.
The study also emphasized that green tea with high levels of antioxidant and function in stimulated production of natural antioxidant in the body may also be used to reduce symptoms of recurrently inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory arthritis(37) such as gout, through inhibiting the oxidative stress in induced production of inflammatory cytokines to facilitate symptoms of inflammation(37).
The above differentiation were supported by the study of the effect of EGCG on monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU)-induced inflammation and cryopyrin (NLRP3 inflammasome)(36) activation in C57BL/6 mice received subcutaneous injection or oral gavage of EGCG before the intraperitoneal injection of MSU.
Application green tea EGCG decreased expression of gouty arthritis caused by injection of MSU-induced neutrophil infiltration with function in initiated inflammation in the acute phase of infection and IL-1β secretion(36), in response and resistance to pathogens in exacerbated damage during chronic disease and acute tissue injury.
The injection of green EGCG also decreased MSU-triggered neutrophil cytosolic factor 1(36), in activated inflammatory response to optimize healing and reduce injury to the body but the proteins has been found to cause severed damage to the infectious site and NLRP3 protein expression(36) in initiated systematic inflammatory expression.
The effect of green tea in protection against gout occurrence also limited pro-inflammatory mediator secretion interleukin 1 beta (IL1β)(36), a mediator of inflammation, in response to acute phase infection, interleukin 6 (IL-6) produced by large amount at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in regulated monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells(36) to the sites of inflammation, and serum amyloid A(36), the serum was found to increase substantially in patient of chronic inflammatory disease.without limiting the function of the mediators in protect the infectious site against pathogens invasion.
The efficacy of green tea in reduced recurrent gout also extended to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome in stimulated caspase-1(38) in promoted secretion of others proinflammatory cytokines activation(38).
Dr. Jhang JJ, the lead author said, "EGCG treatment ameliorates MSU-induced inflammation, suggesting that EGCGexerts anti-inflammatory effect against MSU-induced acute gout attack."
Additionally to above study, the University of Pretoria suggested that polyphenols extracted from green tea also exhibit antioxidant effect in reduced pronounce of oxidative stress by their antioxidant properties(37).
Catechin (C) (Ki = 303.95, uncompetitive), epicatechin (EC) (Ki = 20.48, mixed), epigallocatechin (EGC) (Ki = 10.66, mixed), epicatechin gallate (ECg) (Ki = 2.86, mixed) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) (Ki = 0.76, competitive) were found to have similar efficacy as allopurinol (Ki = 0.30, mixed), the drug used to inhibit the levels of xanthine oxidase (XO)(37) in gout patients, through reduced reactive oxygen species in initiated oxidative stress in induction of inflammatory symptoms.
9. Tendinitis
Tendinitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of a tendon as a result of overuse, infection or rheumatic disease.
According to the study of the effect of GT and/or glycine in the diet on tendinitis on Wistar rats, randomly divided into seven groups (G): control group (C); G1 and G4, tendinitis; G2 and G5, tendinitis supplied with GT; and G3 and G6, tendinitis supplied with GT and a glycine diet for 7 or 21 days, respectively, group with tendinitis treated with green tea demonstrated a significant effect in enhanced collagen stablility(40) through expression of hydroxyproline in compared to other groups.
GT and glycine alone treated groups showed an increased activity of metalloproteinase-2 MMP-2 levels(40) which has been associated to the healing process of the fibrous connective tissue in tendinitis patients.
In compared to control and non GT treatment groups, application of green tea or GT+ gyycine group displayed a statistical significance in the decreased muscle retardation(40).
After taking into account of other co founders, Dr. Vieira CP, the lead author said, " GT + a glycine diet has beneficial effects that aid in the recovery process of the tendon after tendinitis".
In the study investigated the remodeling effects of green tea and glycine in the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of male Wistar rats with tendinitis, randomly divided into five groups: animals without tendinitis and animals with tendinitis; animals with tendinitis supplied with green tea; animals with tendinitis supplied with a glycine diet; animals with tendinitis supplied with a green tea and glycine diet, researcher found that all treatment groups exerted a profound effect in regulated the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP)-2(39) with function in remodeling the tendon after tendinitis, MMP-8 and -9(99)in associated to remodeling tissue expression in the disease progression and induced the synthesis of type I collagen regulation by cell spreading, platelet-derived growth factor and interactions with collagen fibers.
Rats groups treated above applications also demonstrated an increase of glycosaminoglycans, in stimulated the regenerative processes(39), while maintaining host cell characteristics and function and non-collagenous proteins(39) in modulated the development of fine fibrils presented in collagen fibers of connective tissue
The combination of green tea and glycine also modulated the inflammatory process through stimulated production of anti inflammatory factors and induced the synthesis of the elements, such as extra cellular matrix involved in the post-lesion recovery of the tissue.
These results indicated an important recovery from injured tendon through improving the compaction of the collagen molecules and inducing assembly of early collagen fibers(39), in green tea and glycin treated groups.
After considering of all cofounders, researchers and colleagues at the Anat Rec said, " each region of the inflamed tendon can exhibit different responses during the treatment and therefore, modify its extracellular matrix components to facilitate recovery and repair".
Summary
Taken together, green tea and its bioactive phytochemicals may be considered as functional foods in reduced risk, progression and treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). However, intake of green tea supplement should be taken with extreme care as liver acute toxicity has been reported in numerous medical literature.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Alteration in bone geometric and mechanical properties, histomorphometrical parameters of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, and growth plate in adolescent rats after chronic co-exposure to cadmium and lead in the case of supplementation with green, black, red and white tea by Tomaszewska E1, Dobrowolski P2, Winiarska-Mieczan A3, Kwiecień M3, Tomczyk A4, Muszyński S5, Radzki R4.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Santosh K Katiyar
1,2 and Chander Raman(PMC)(3) Green tea: a new option for the prevention or control of osteoarthritis by Santosh K Katiyar
1,2 and Chander Raman(PMC)(4) Catechins from green tea (Camellia sinensis) inhibit bovine and human cartilageproteoglycan and type II collagen degradation in vitro by Adcocks C1, Collin P, Buttle DJ.(PubMed)
(5) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation of BALB/c mice by Shuangshuang Zhang,#1 Xiangdong Liu,#2 Lihong Mei,1 Hongfeng Wang,1 and Fang Fang(PMC)
(6) Green tea extract improves the oxidative state of the liver and brain in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by de Almeida Gonçalves G1, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Wendt MM, Comar JF, Bersani Amado CA, Bracht A, Peralta RM.(PubMed)
(7) (Alteration in bone geometric and mechanical properties, histomorphometrical parameters of trabecular bone, articular cartilage, and growth plate in adolescent rats after chronic co-exposure to cadmium and lead in the case of supplementation with green, black, red and white tea by Tomaszewska E1, Dobrowolski P2, Winiarska-Mieczan A3, Kwiecień M3, Tomczyk A4, Muszyński S5, Radzki R4.(PubMed)
(8) Green tea and bone metabolism by Shen CL1, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Wang JS.(PubMed)
(9) Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies by Shen CL1, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Chyu MC, Wang JS.(PubMed)
(10) Supplementation with green tea polyphenols improves bone microstructure and quality in aged, orchidectomized rats by Shen CL1, Cao JJ, Dagda RY, Tenner TE Jr, Chyu MC, Yeh JK.(PubMed)
Sources
(11) Molecular insights into the differences in anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins on IL-1β signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by Fechtner S1, Singh A1, Chourasia M2, Ahmed S3.(PubMed)
(12) Anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Beih NM1, Talaat RM2, Abd El-Ghffar EA1.(PubMed)
(13) Green tea extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Marotte H1, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S.(PubMed)
(14)Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial by Hashempur MH1, Sadrneshin S2, Mosavat SH3, Ashraf A4.(PubMed)
(15) Curcuminoids extract, hydrolyzed collagen and green tea extract synergically inhibit inflammatory and catabolic mediator's synthesis by normal bovine and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes in monolayer by Comblain F1, Sanchez C1, Lesponne I2, Balligand M3, Serisier S2, Henrotin Y4.(PubMed)
(16) Green tea polyphenol treatment is chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory and palliative in a mouse post-traumatic osteoarthritis model by Leong DJ, Choudhury M, Hanstein R, Hirsh DM, Kim SJ, Majeska RJ, Schaffler MB, Hardin JA, Spray DC, Goldring MB, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB.(PubMed)
(17) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in rats via suppressing MAPK mediated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by Chen J1, Xu J1, Li J1, Du L1, Chen T2, Liu P1, Peng S1, Wang M1, Song H3.(PubMed)
(18) [Anti-inflammatory effects of tea-flavonoids].[Article in German] by Hoensch H1, Oertel R.(PubMed)
(19) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected]. by Singh R1, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM.(PubMed)
(20) Epigallocatechin 3-gallate suppresses interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory responses in intervertebral disc cells in vitro and reduces radiculopathic pain in rats by Krupkova O1, Sekiguchi M, Klasen J, Hausmann O, Konno S, Ferguson SJ, Wuertz-Kozak K.(PubMed)
(21) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates functional deficits and morphological alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve crush injury by Renno WM1, Al-Maghrebi M, Al-Banaw A.(PubMed)
(22) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Modulates Spinal Cord Neuronal Degeneration by Enhancing Growth-Associated Protein 43, B-Cell Lymphoma 2, and Decreasing B-Cell Lymphoma 2-Associated X Protein Expression after Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury(PMC)
(23) Caffeine and chronic low back pain by Currie SR1, Wilson KG, Gauthier ST.(PubMed)
(24) Use of complementary and alternative medical therapies by patients referred to a fibromyalgiatreatment program at a tertiary care center by Wahner-Roedler DL1, Elkin PL, Vincent A, Thompson JM, Oh TH, Loehrer LL, Mandrekar JN, Bauer BA.(PubMed)
(25) Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in fibromyalgia by Cordero MD1, de Miguel M, Carmona-López I, Bonal P, Campa F, Moreno-Fernández AM(PubMed)Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)
(26) Molecular identification for epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated antioxidant intervention on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts by Chen WC, Hsieh SR, Chiu CH, Hsu BD1, Liou YM.(PubMed)
(27) The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia by Choy EH(PubMed)
(28) (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates acute stress responses through GABAergic system in the brain by Adachi N1, Tomonaga S, Tachibana T, Denbow DM, Furuse M.(research gate)
(29) Green Tea Health Benefits To Get You Drinking Healthy! by Abby Hannaford
(30) Fibromyalgia and Rheumatic Diseases by Gheita TA*, El-Rabbat SM and Mahmoud NK(Open Access)
(31) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Salahuddin Ahmed(PMC)
Sources
(32) alpha1-Antitrypsin and fibromyalgia: new data in favour of the inflammatory hypothesis of fibromyalgia by Blanco LE1, de Serres FJ, Fernańdez-Bustillo E, Kassam DA, Arbesú D, Rodríguez C, Torre JC.(PubMed)
(33) Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Green Tea Polyphenols by Helieh S. Oz(PubMed Central Canada)
(34) Association and interaction effect between VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) gene polymorphisms and dietary pattern on blood uric acid in Malays and Indians by Roseline YW1, Shidoji Y1, Hon WM2, Masaki M1.(PubMed)
(35) [Multiple actions of EGCG, the main component of green tea].[Article in French] by L'Allemain G1.(PubMed)
(36) Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits urate crystals-induced peritoneal inflammation in C57BL/6 mice by Jhang JJ1, Lu CC1, Yen GC2.(PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (Camellia sinensis) by Aucamp J1, Gaspar A, Hara Y, Apostolides Z.(PubMed)
(38) Beneficial Properties of Phytochemicals on NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Gout and Complication by Jhang JJ1, Lin JH1, Yen GC1.(PubMed)
(39) Green Tea and Glycine Modulate the Activity of Metalloproteinases and Collagen in the Tendinitis of the Myotendinous Junction of the Achilles Tendon by Vieira CP1, De Oliveira LP2, Da Ré Guerra F3, Marcondes MC2, Pimentel ER2.(PubMed)
(40) Green tea and glycine aid in the recovery of tendinitis of the Achilles tendon of rats by Vieira CP1, Guerra Fda R, de Oliveira LP, Almeida MS, Marcondes MC, Pimentell ER.(PubMed)
(41) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Ahmed S1.(PubMed)
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