Fennel, The Heart Enhancer Functional Herb, Studies Showed

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in improvement of cardiovascular activity, some scientists suggested.

The results of vascular and cardiovascular protective effect were reported by numbers of universities including the Birzeit University and published on online medical literature.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

Chemical Ingredients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc


In the study to investigate the vascular effects of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves in pentobarbital-anaesthetised rats, researchers found that intravenous administration of the lyophilized boiled water extract exerted a significant dose-related reduction in arterial blood pressure, without affecting the heart rate or respiratory rate in compared to histamine antagonists.

However, application of non-boiled aqueous extract showed very little hypotensive activity.

Contrast to the conventional medicine histamine antagonists, the hypotensive effect of the boiling water extract appeared not to be mediated by adrenergic, muscarinic, ganglionic or serotonergic receptors.

Furthermore, in the examine the cardiovascular effect of main component of the oil, anethole isolated from on tested guinea pig fennel oil in inhibited arachidonic acid, collagen-, ADP- and U46619-induced aggregation, researchers found that application of anethole displayed comparable NO-independent vasorelaxant activity at anti platelet concentrations.

Anethole also prevented thrombin-induced clot retraction at concentrations similar to fennel oil in comparison of U46619-induced aggregation (IC(50) from 4 to 147 microg ml(-1)). These results were confirmed in tested mice with application F. vulgare essential oil and anethole in a subacute treatment of 30 mg kg(-1)day(-1) for 5 days.

F. vulgare essential oil and anethole also showed significant antithrombotic activity in prevented paralysis induced by collagen-epinephrine intravenous injection with 70% and 83% protection, respectively.

In rat model, both F. vulgare essential oil and anethole (100 mg kg(-1) oral administration) provided significant protection toward ethanol induced gastric lesions.

After taking into account of other co and confounders, togther with the collected information Dr. Tognolini M, the lead author said, " F. vulgare essential oil, and its main component anethole, a safe antithrombotic activity that seems due to their broad spectrum antiplatelet activity, clot destabilizing effect and vasorelaxant action".

Further to re assess other cardiovascular activity of Foeniculum vulgare L, researchers at the UFR Physiologie-Pharmacologie, launched an investigation to compared the effects of Marrubium vulgare L. and Foeniculum vulgare L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Interestingly, oral application of Foeniculum extract exerted lowered the systolic blood pressure of SHR without induced change of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).

These results was probably associated to function of Foeniculum in increased water, sodium and potassium excretion.

More importantly, Foeniculum extract hypertensive efficacy was decreased substantially in rat and mice presented with N-nitro-L-arginine.

The results indicated that fennel demonstrated the vascular protective activity as a diuretic and a natriuretic.

Taken together, Fennel and its essential oil and bioactive compound anethole may be considered as a function substance in promote cardiovascular and vascular activity, particularly in animal models with high risk of cardiovascular disease.


Intake of fennel extract should be taken with extreme care as overdoses may induce liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis by Tognolini M1, Ballabeni V, Bertoni S, Bruni R, Impicciatore M, Barocelli E.(PubMed)
(2) Pharmacological evidence of hypotensive activity of Marrubium vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare in spontaneously hypertensive rat by El Bardai S1, Lyoussi B, Wibo M, Morel N.(PubMed)
(3) The vascular action of aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare leaves by Abdul-Ghani AS1, Amin R.(PubMed)