Cruciferous Vegetables Inhibit Menopausal Symptoms of Breast Cancer Survivors

Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

The development of cancer can be divided into three different stages
* Initiation
Initiation is characteristic by irreversible mutation of DNA of a particular cell which does not undergo DNA repair (by enzymes) or undergoes faulty DNA repair, including gene deletion or insertion, gene slices, etc.

* Promotion
In the promotion stage, the mutation cells involve in uncontrolled growth and proliferation of mutated cells as it promotes the expression of its mutation gene and in its replication. In time these cells lose their normal abilities and just reproduce.

* Progression
In the progression stage, the cancerous cells invade nearby tissues and migrate to other tissues via lymph or blood

Breast cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the breast tissues. At the late stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other organs and tissues from the original site.

The study of bioactive green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was found to decrease the progression of breast cancer cells with Her-2/neu overexpression, through many mechanisms.

Unlike general breast cancer which processes either receptors for estrogen or progesterone and/or receptors with a protein called HER2, triple-negative breast cancer is a form of breast cancer that does not share the aforementioned characteristics.

In other words, triple-negative breast cancer does not have receptors of estrogen or progesterone, or genetic preposition.

Compared to the malignant nature, triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers are highly invasive which can grow and spread quickly to other tissues and organs through lymph and blood.

Also compared to other breast cancer, with decreased risk after 5 years, triple-negative breast cancers have a substantially higher recurrent rate within 5 years after treatment.


Triple-negative breast cancer shares symptoms similar to those of breast cancer and risk factor except in the form of the genetic preposition.


Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables, belongings to the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivated all over the world in suitable climate for commercial profits, including cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and green leafy vegetables.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the association between dietary intake of soy or cruciferous vegetables and breast cancer treatment-related symptoms among Chinese-American (CA) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) breast cancer survivors.

The joint cross-sectional study led by the Georgetown University included 192 CA and 173 NHW female breast cancer survivors (stages 0-III, diagnosed between 2006 and 2012) recruited from two California cancer registries, who had completed primary treatment.


Based on the Patient-reported data on treatment-related symptoms and potential covariates collected via telephone interviews, * Soy foods and cruciferous vegetable intake ranged from no intake to 431 and 865 g/day, respectively, and was higher in CA survivors.

* Higher soy food intake was associated with lower odds of menopausal symptoms (≥ 24.0 vs. 0 g/day, OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.25, 1.03), and fatigue (≥ 24.0 vs. 0 g/day, OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22, 0.84), particularly in NHW survivors only.

* Compared with low intake, higher cruciferous vegetable intake was associated with lower odds of experiencing menopausal symptoms (≥ 70.8 vs. < 33.0 g/day, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25, 0.97) in the overall population.

Taken altogether, cruciferous vegetables may be considered functional foods for the treatment of breast cancer survivors' menopausal symptoms and fatigue, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Dietary intake of soy and cruciferous vegetables and treatment-related symptoms in Chinese-American and non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors by Nomura SJO1, Hwang YT2, Gomez SL3, Fung TT4,5, Yeh SL6, Dash C1, Allen L3, Philips S7, Hilakivi-Clarke L1, Zheng YL1, Wang JH. (PubMed)