Cruciferous Vegetables Gobbles Up Melanoma Cells in Vitro

Skin diseases are conditions of skin damage and classified according to each pathogenic cause.

Most cases of skin disease are involved in allergens, irritants. However certain medical conditions such as irritable bowel disease, autoimmune diseases, and genetic preposition can also cause r skin diseases.


Recent studies suggested that a poor diet is also associated with the onset of skin diseases such as dermatological disease may be linked to systemic disease, and dietary changes may affect health outcomes, as in psoriasis.

Skin melanoma is a skin cancer characterized by the alternation of the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. However, in rare cases, melanoma can also occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.

Most cases of melanoma start in melanocytes on the skin before spreading to the nearby tissue. In the advanced stage, the cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the originated site to infect other tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis, through the circulation of blood and fluids.

The most common sites of melanoma metastasis are the lung and breast.

According to the statistic, melanoma skin cancer is increasing and anticipated to continue to rise. In the United States, approximately 70,230 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed, causing the death of 8,790.

The causes of melanoma skin cancer are associated with the alternation of the pigment cells in the skin. Why some people are susceptible to the onset of the disease while others do not even share similar health conditions, family history, and ethnicity.

However, according to epidemiological studies, genetic mutation inherited from the parent, exposure to environmental toxins, and sun UV rays are the most common associated with the increased risk of melanoma skin cancer.

On finding a potential plant that processes anti-cancer activity researchers investigated the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural anti-cancer phytochemical derived from cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli, as a new chemical scaffold of small molecule enzymatic inhibitors of NEDD4-1 on human cancer cell lines.

Where NEDD4-1 is a proto-oncogenic ubiquitin ligase for PTEN, a tumor suppressor that plays a critical regulator for multiple cellular processes. The gene is mutated or deleted frequently in various human cancers.

According to the tested assays,
* I3C's stable synthetic derivative 1-benzyl-I3C showed to directly inhibit NEDD4-1 ubiquitination activity.

* Furthermore, compared to I3C, which has an IC50 of 284μM, 1-benzyl-I3C was a significantly more potent NEDD4-1 enzymatic inhibitor with an IC50 of 12.3μM.

* The compounds 2242 and 2243, (the two indolecarbinol analogs with added methyl groups) result in a more nucleophilic benzene ring π system, further enhanced potency with IC50s of 2.71μM and 7.59μM, respectively.

* Most importantly, the indolecarbinol compounds inhibited human melanoma cell proliferation in a manner that generally correlated with their effectiveness as NEDD4-1 enzymatic inhibitors.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " I3C analogs represent a novel set of anti-cancer compounds for the treatment of human melanomas and other cancers that express indolecarbinol-sensitive target enzymes".

Taken altogether, cruciferous vegetables consisting of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and five novel synthetic analogs may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of melanoma, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) analogues are potent small molecule inhibitors of NEDD4-1 ubiquitin ligase activity that disrupt proliferation of human melanoma cells by Quirit JG. (PubMed)