Brassica rapa Protects the Kidney Cells Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Chemo Drug Cisplatin

Kidneys are 2 bean-shaped organs found in the left and right side in the retroperitoneal space in the body.

The function of kidneys is to filter blood and control fluids. They are the second detoxed organs besides the liver and skin.

Due to millions of tiny filters called nephrons in each kidney, people may not experience any kidney dysfunction symptoms at an early stage.

Kidney diseases are a class of medical conditions associated with reduced function of the kidney, in cases, complete loss of kidney function such as kidney failure.

Believe it or not, in the US, the leading causes of kidney failure and the end stage of chronic kidney diseases are diabetes and high blood pressure.

Nephrotoxicity or acute kidney failure is a condition of toxicity in the kidneys.

The disease is caused by the poisonous effect of prolonged use of certain medications and the accumulation of harmful chemicals.

According to the American physician association, long term use of penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, furosemide, NSAIDs and rifampicin are associated to increase damage to the kidney.

And people age over 60 is at increased risk of nephrotoxicity if the above medicines are prescribed for prolonged periods.

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

In other words, oxidative stress is either caused by overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes in the body.

Long-term oxidative stress present in the body can cause protein and lipid damage and alternation of cell DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and nephrotoxicity.

Brassica rapa is a species of plant including turnip, napa cabbage, and bok choy.
On finding a potential plant that protects the kidney against damage, researchers compared the effects of ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa (EBR) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress.

Before treatment with EBR, cisplatin decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the cells.

Furthermore, A single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, i.p.) causes kidney damage manifested by an elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and urine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in the kidney.

In vitro, LLC-PK1 cells pretreated by EBR prevented cisplatin-induced decreases in cell viability and cellular antioxidant GSH content.

Pretreatment of EBR, not only inhibited all parameters associated with the side effect caused by injection of cisplatin but also protected the kidney against damage induced by oxidative stress.

Based on the experimental results, researchers said, "This extract also recovered the reduced activities of GPx, SOD, and CAT. Taken together, our data indicate that the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa (EBR) has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity because it attenuates oxidative stress".

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective effect of the ethanol extract of the roots of Brassica rapa on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in LLC-PK1 cells and rats by Kim YH1, Kim YW, Oh YJ, Back NI, Chung SA, Chung HG, Jeong TS, Choi MS, Lee KT. (PubMed)