In other words, oxidative stress is either caused by overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes in the body.
Some researchers suggested that oxidative stress may also arise due to the chain reaction of free radicals in which free radicals donate or intercept an electron from other stable molecules.
Long-term oxidative stress present in the body can cause protein and lipid damage and alternation of cell DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
More precisely, exogenous factors, such as cigarette smoke, and endogenous factors, such as the oxidative burst from activated macrophages are some of the factors involved in the risk of oxidative stress.
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.
Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.
This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.
Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.
In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radicals before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating protein, lipid, and cell damage.
Antioxidants can either be produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.
Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belongings to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem with a crowded mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.
On findings of a natural wholefood for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers investigated the effects of red cabbage anthocyanin (RCA)-enriched extract on H₂O₂ expression on HepG2 cells.
According to chemical analysis, all derivatives of cyanidin (268 ± 2 μg/mg) found in RCA, mainly with 19% nonacylated, 51% monoacylated, and 31% diacylated structures with ferulic, sinapic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids exerted antioxidant activity against the oxidative stress induced by the injection of H₂O₂.
Furthermore, the application of RCA extracts markedly ameliorated cell apoptosis and improved viability.
Moreover, in another study, cabbage extract protected against H2O2-induced cell death and did not elicit any cytotoxic effects by suppressing ROS production and increasing the expression of antioxidant proteins (SOD-1, catalase, and GPx) produced by the host.
In oxidative stress-exposed H9c2 cells, the protective effects of cabbage extract also inhibited apoptotic responses and activation of MAPK proteins (ERK1/2, JNK, and p-38) involved in the resistance of apoptosis by preserving mitochondrial functions.
Based on the results, researchers wrote, "cabbage extract protects against oxidative stress and suggests that it can be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent the oxidative stress in the heart".
Taken altogether, cabbage may be used as a functional food for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Characterization of Purified Red Cabbage Anthocyanins: Improvement in HPLC Separation and Protective Effect against H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells by Fang S1, Lin F2, Qu D3, Liang X4, Wang L. (PubMed)
(2) Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Protects against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts by Yang DK. (PubMed)
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