Tomato Apoptoses Liver Cancer Better Than of Doxorubicin and Camptothecin in Vitro

Cancer is a class of diseases caused by cells growing disorderly and uncontrollably in our bodies.

Liver cancer is a chronic medical condition associated with irregular cell growth in the liver tissues.


The liver is the largest internal organ that only filters out blood from the intestine before passing them to other parts of the body, but also produces bile to aid digestion, build strong cell walls and vitamin D and steroid hormones.


The liver joined with the kidney and skin is considered 3 detoxed organs in the human.


Most common liver cancers are* Hepatocellular carcinoma, is a most common liver cancer accounting, accounting for 75 percent of all cases caused by the DNA alternation of hepatocytes, predominant liver cells.

Epidemiologically, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma has been found to metastasize to the pancreas, intestines, and stomach.


* Cholangiocarcinoma, also known as bile duct cancer, is caused by abnormal cell growth in the small, tube-like bile ducts in the liver, accounting to 10 to 20% of all liver cancer cases.


Out of many prevalent factors that cause the onset of liver cancer, some researchers suggested that the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades may have a strong impact to increase the risk of liver cancer.


Dr. Qiu-Ye Lan, the lead scientist wrote, "Healthy dietary patterns may prevent many chronic diseases and is emphasized by 2015 US dietary guideline, but it remains unclear which dietary patterns may be a benefit to prevention of primary liver cancer (PLC)"


And, "Our findings suggest that the UPDP (an urban prudent dietary pattern (UPDP)) and TCDP (traditional Cantonese dietary pattern (TCDP) )were associated with lower, whereas the MPFP with the higher, risk of PLC".


Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

In the urgency to discover healthy foods for the treatment of liver cancer, researchers examined the effect of the tomato antiproliferative activities against human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells.

Application of the tetrasaccharide tomato glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine, the trisaccharide beta(1)-tomatine, the disaccharide gamma-tomatine, the monosaccharide delta-tomatine, and their common aglycon tomatidine showed better inhibition of liver cancer cell compared to the tested colon cell line.

Additionally, alpha-tomatine isolated from tomato at a concentration of 1 microg/mL demonstrated a greater effect against liver carcinoma cells compared to those of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin

Furthermore, alpha-tomatine also inhibited normal human liver HeLa (Chang) cells without inducing any side effects.

Also in vitro, according to the tested assays,
* Alpha-tomatine isolated from green tomatoes induced liver cancer cells death compared to little inhibition of the cells by the three low-tomatine red tomato extracts.


* Alpha-Tomatine from tomato also was highly effective in inhibiting all of the liver cell lines, compared to little cell inhibition of ehydrotomatine, tomatidenol, and tomatidine.



Collectively, the results not only showed the susceptibility to destruction varies with the nature of the alkaloid and plant extract but also how phytochemicals in plants worked synergistically in cancer inhibition.

Dr. Friedman M, the lead scientist said, "These findings extend related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of glycoalkaloids and suggest that consumers may benefit by eating not only high-lycopene red tomatoes but also green tomatoes containing glycoalkaloids".


Taken altogether, tomato processed with a high amount of lycopene may be considered a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, pending to large sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tomatine-containing green tomato extracts inhibit the growth of human breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer cells by Friedman M1, Levin CE, Lee SU, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Byun JO, Kozukue N. (PubMed)
(2) Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver(HepG2) cancer cells by Lee KR1, Kozukue N, Han JS, Park JH, Chang EY, Baek EJ, Chang JS, Friedman M. (PubMed)
(3) Dietary patterns and primary liver cancer in Chinese adults: a case-control study by Qiu-Ye Lan,1 Gong-Cheng Liao,1 Rui-Fen Zhou,1 Pei-Yan Chen,1 Xiao-Yan Wang,1Min-Shan Chen,2 Yu-Ming Chen,1 and Hui-Lian Zhu. (PubMed)