Immunogenicity is a condition in which immune responses are regulated. In other words, immunogenicity is the ability to modulate the immune response to the body needs.
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases.
The immune system plays a critical role in keeping us healthy and preventing infections.
The immune response is an action of the immune system activated by antigens, including immune response to pathogenic microorganisms and its products, allergies, graft rejections, as well as autoimmunity to self-antigens.
The immune response after pathogen recognition by the immune system, the macrophage cells stimulates the production of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with an aim to destroy the pathogens which try to enter the body.
With the antigen presentation takes place, the immune system also activates specific T helper cells
CD4 helper T cells that coordinate a targeted antigen-specific immune response.
However, if the immune system fails to kills all pathogens in the acute phase of infection in a set period of time between 3-8 weeks, it will compromise, leading a low-grade inflammation, a condition that facilitates many chronic diseases.
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of chronic inflammatory, malignant and autoimmune diseases, researchers examined the effects of bromelain immunological effect.
According to the tested assays,
* Bromelain induces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
* Compared to no effect of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma applied alone, bromelain synergistically increased TNF production.
* Injection of bromelain has a higher (10- to 40-fold) inducing capacity for TNF production compared to the untreated enzyme.
* Furthermore, PBMNC of healthy donors acquire the ability to produce TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 when incubated ex vivo with IFN-gamma compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
Where IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma are cytokines that is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral, some bacterial and protozoal infections.
In other words, the oral administration of bromelain is related to their ability to induce cytokine production by modulating the immune activity.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "the biological effects observed after oral administration of polyenzyme preparations are related to their ability to induce cytokine production. This may explain the antitumor effects of such enzymes".
More precisely, "polyenzyme preparations may have a stronger immunomodulatory effect when used in combination with IFN-gamma".
Taken altogether, bromelain used alone or combined with conventional medicine may be considered a remedy for immunological effect, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bromelain: A Review by Rajendra Pavan, Sapna Jain, Shraddha, and Ajay Kumar. (PMC)
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