The Smoothie of Green Tea, Water and Coffee for Prevention and Treatment of Kidney stones in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.

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The smoothie for prevention and treatment of Kidney stone in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1/2 for mineral water
1/2 cup coffee
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder associated to 
excessive production of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA), affecting the kidneys and urinary tract.
Kidney stone, a most complication of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is a forming of minerals in urine due to reduced urinary volume or excessive collection of stone-forming substances in the urine.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green tea, Olive and Blueberry may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. According to the study led by the University of Iceland, Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) episodes are major features of APRT deficiency, whereas kidney stone is the most common presentation(1).

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, regular intake of green tea drink and water is associated to reduce risk of kidney stone forming(2).

Dr. Ferraro PM and collesgues at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, suggested, consumption of green tea, coffee, ......is associated with a lower risk of forming of kidney stones(3).
The study of 553 081 person-years of follow-up over an 8-year period said, " increase in total fluid intake can reduce risk for kidney stones, and the choice of beverage may be meaningful(including green tea and coffee)"(4).

In deed, intake of water also exhibited anti kidney stone formation as the fluoride in water inhibited ethylenglycol induced calcification of the kidneys(5). In fact, strong evidence in epidemiological studies suggested that Water Intake and Effectively Decreases Urinary Calcium Oxalate, Calcium Phosphate and Uric Acid Supersaturations through increased urine volume and decreased urinary supersaturation in calcium stone formers(6)(7).

Coffee, a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans from the Coffee plant, may be independently associated with a lower risk of incident kidney stones, according to the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart(8).

The effectiveness of Green Tea, Mineral Water and Coffee may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Kidney stones in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Kidney stones in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency due to aging, weaken renal function... should drink at least one serving daily and People with Kidney stones in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

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References

(1) Kidney Disease in Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency. by Runolfsdottir HL1, Palsson R2, Agustsdottir IM3, Indridason OS4, Edvardsson VO5.(PubMed)

(2) Self-Fluid Management in Prevention of Kidney Stones: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Xu C1, Zhang C, Wang XL, Liu TZ, Zeng XT, Li S, Duan XW.(PubMed)

(3) Soda and other beverages and the risk of kidney stones by Ferraro PM1, Taylor EN, Gambaro G, Curhan GC.(PubMed)

(4) Beverage use and risk for kidney stones in women by Curhan GC1, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ.(PubMed)

(5) Fluoridation of drinking water: effects on kidney stone formation by Hering F, Briellmann T, Seiler H, Rutishauser G.(PubMed)

(6) Short-Term Tolvaptan Increases Water Intake and Effectively Decreases Urinary Calcium Oxalate, Calcium Phosphate and Uric Acid Supersaturations by Cheungpasitporn W1, Erickson SB1, Rule AD2, Enders F3, Lieske JC4.(PubMed)

(7) Self-Fluid Management in Prevention of Kidney Stones: A PRISMA-Compliant Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Xu C1, Zhang C, Wang XL, Liu TZ, Zeng XT, Li S, Duan XW.(PubMed)