The Smoothie of Cooked Sweet Potato, Olive and Grape Juice for Prevention and Treatment of Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.

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The smoothie for prevention and treatment of  Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1/2 cup olive

1 cup cooked sweet potato

1 cup organic grape juice

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder associated to excessive production of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA), affecting the kidneys and urinary tract.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Cooked Sweet Potato, Olive and Grape Juice  may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.

According to the study led by the University of Iceland, Progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) episodes are major features of APRT deficiency, whereas kidney stone is the most common presentation(11).

Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) is a progressive loss of kidney function over period longer than 3 months through different stages, deepening to the GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate). According to the Tri-Service General Hospital, Excessive oxidative stress increased oxidative nucleicacid damage and exagerated the development of complication of Chronic Kidney Diseases(1).

The Anti-Odxidant Therapy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) study suggested, combination of pravastatin, vitamin E, and homocysteine treatment in 18 months together with hypertension controlled  effectively attenuated expression of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) through reduced oxidative stress against renal function(2).Vitamin E-coated membranes (VECMs) consist of a multilayer membrane with liposoluble vitamin E, used in dialysis significantly improved Hb levels and lower rHuEpo requirements in chronic HD patients(3).Dr. Rashid Khan M and colleagues insisted, vitamin E significantly reduced dyslipidemia and inhibited the development of CRD caused by atherogenic factors after six weeks. particular in hypolipidemic and nephroprotective activity against free radical-related diseases(4).

N-3 fatty acids found abundantly in olive may also contribute to the potential benefits of dietary fat

modification in CKD patients, according to the Karolinska Institutet(5).

Dr. Lee SM and Dr. An WS., professors at the Seoul National University Hospital, insisted, intake of Omega 3 fatty acid exhibited cardioprotective effects in chronic kidney disease, the main cause of death, through attenuated inflammation, dyslipidemia, malnutrition, atherosclerosis, and vascular calcification(6).

Dr. Friedman AN said, " Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which are obtained primarily from dietary sources such as coldwater fish, have diverse and potent mediating effects on the immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, signal transduction, and cell membrane physiology" and "In the meantime, the current American Heart Association n-3 PUFA intake guidelines can be applied to CKD patients"(7).

Resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in grape and blueberry, may also benefit in attenuated complications and treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD), through its inflammation and oxidative stress modulation (8).

According to the joint study led by the The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, resveratrol expressed renoprotective effects by activating NRF2 signaling against against oxidative or electrophilic stress(9).Furthermore by suppressing the pro inflammatory cytokines, consumption of white wine and olive oil, significantly reduced plasma markers of chronic inflammation in CKD patients(10).

The effectiveness of Cooked Sweet Potato, Olive and Grape Juice may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency due to aging, weaken reno function... should drink at least one serving daily and People with Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD) in Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.

Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

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References

(1) Oxidative stress and nucleic acid oxidation in patients with chronic kidney disease by Sung CC1, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Lin YF, Wu CC.(PubMed)

(2) Effect of a treatment strategy consisting of pravastatin, vitamin E, and homocysteine lowering on carotid intima-media thickness, endothelial function, and renal function in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: results from the Anti-Oxidant Therapy in Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ATIC) Study by Nanayakkara PW1, van Guldener C, ter Wee PM, Scheffer PG, van Ittersum FJ, Twisk JW, Teerlink T, van Dorp W, Stehouwer CD.(PubMed)

(3) Effect of vitamin E-coated dialysis membranes on anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: an Italian multicenter study by Cruz DN1, De Cal M, Garzotto F, Brendolan A, Nalesso D, Corradi V, Ronco C.(PubMed)

(4) Tocotrienols have a nephroprotective action against lipid-induced chronic renal dysfunction in rats by Rashid Khan M1, Ahsan H, Siddiqui S, Siddiqui WA.(PubMed)

(5) Dietary fat modification in patients with chronic kidney disease: n-3 fatty acids and beyond by Huang X1, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Carrero JJ.(PubMed)

(6) Cardioprotective effects of ω -3 PUFAs in chronic kidney disease. by Lee SM1, An WS.(PubMed)

(7) Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in advanced kidney disease by Friedman AN1.(PubMed)

(8) Resveratrol: why is it a promising therapy for chronic kidney disease patients?by Saldanha JF1, Leal Vde O2, Stenvinkel P3, Carraro-Eduardo JC4, Mafra D1.(PubMed)

(9) Effect of redox modulating NRF2 activators on chronic kidney disease.by Choi BH1, Kang KS2, Kwak MK3.(PubMed)

(10) Anti-inflammatory effect of white wine in CKD patients and healthy volunteers by Migliori M1, Panichi V, de la Torre R, Fitó M, Covas M, Bertelli A, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Scatena A, Paoletti S, Ronco C.(PubMed)

(11) Kidney Disease in Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency. by Runolfsdottir HL1, Palsson R2, Agustsdottir IM3, Indridason OS4, Edvardsson VO5.(PubMed)