Phytoestrogens
are plant derived compounds found in a wide variety of foods, most
notably soy. A litany of health benefits including a lowered risk of
osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, and menopausal symptoms, are
frequently attributed to phytoestrogens
but many are also considered endocrine disruptors, indicating that they
have the potential to cause adverse health effects as well. According to the study by the NC State University, Raleigh, posted in PubMed, the question of whether or not phytoestrogens
are beneficial or harmful to human health remains unresolved. The
answer is likely complex and may depend on age, health status, and even
the presence or absence of specific gut microflora. Clarity on this
issue is needed because global consumption is rapidly increasing. Phytoestrogens
are present in numerous dietary supplements and widely marketed as a
natural alternative to estrogen replacement therapy. Soy infant formula
now constitutes up to a third of the US market, and soy protein is now
added to many processed foods. As weak estrogen agonists/antagonists
with molecular and cellular properties similar to synthetic endocrine
disruptors such as Bisphenol A (BPA), the phytoestrogens provide a useful model to comprehensively investigate the biological impact of endocrine disruptors in general.
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