9 Fruits That Kill Breast Cancer Cells, According MEDLINE Studies

The prevalence of breast cancer has been acknowledged in the scientific community worldwide.

Breast cancer widespread in women in Southeast Asian as a result of over 2 decades of economic prosperity caused by unhealthy diet is a major concern.

The findings for effective treatments are ongoing with some successes, but to discover an effective prevention and treatment with little or no side effects has proven difficult.

According to statistic, the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of women is 1/8.

A healthy diet with plenty vegetables and fruits(1)(2)(3) with a change of lifestyle(4)(5)(6) may be the only choice for women in reducing the risk of the diseases.


1. Blueberry
Blueberry is a flowering plant, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America.

Triple-negative breast cancer TNBC, cancer does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and HER2(gene) affecting approximately 15% of all cancer cases.

Female MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice fed with a high-fat diet with 5% whole blueberry powder (BB), inhibited TNBC and TNBC-related metastasis by reducing inflammation via specific cytokine-driven pathways through the immune response in reduced tumor growth and metastasis(40).

In 17β-estradiol-mediated mammary tumorigenesis, 5% blueberry diet, decreased tumor volume and multiplicity significantly, by down-regulation of CYP 1A1(enzymes, able to activate compounds with carcinogenic properties) and ER-α (a receptor activated by the sex hormone estrogen)genes expression and also favorable modulation of microRNA (mir-18a and mir-34c) levels in gene regulation(41).

Other chemical constituents such as anthocyanin and anthocyanin-pyruvic acid adduct extract of blueberry restricted cancer cell proliferation by acting as cell anti invasive factors and chemoinhibitors(42).

2. Avocado
Avocados, the green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting are a commercially valuable fruit cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America, and Central America, belongings to the flowering plant family Lauraceous.

Avocado-produced toxin persin may contain a positive anti-breast cancer effect(43).

Persin exerted a significant anti-breast cancer effect in both estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-negative breast cancer cells(45).

Application of persin in animal model, selectively induced G2-M cell cycle arrest and cell death through the caspase-dependent pathway(44).


3. Strawberry
Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongings to the family Roseaceae, grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Methanolic extract of strawberry (MESB) fruits induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells, irrespective of origin, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, in the testing against leukaemia (CEM) and breast cancer (T47D) cell lines through induction of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by activating p73 (a tumor suppressor) in breast cancer cells, when tumor suppressor gene p53 was mutated(46).

Polyphenols, a major chemical component found in strawberry, exhibited cytotoxic with doses of approximately 50 microg/ml, inducing 50% reduction in cell survival in both the normal and the tumor lines, including (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines(47).

In another study, freeze-dried fruits of two strawberry cultivars ethanol extract strongly inhibited CaSki and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines and MCF-7 and T47-D breast cancer cell lines(48).

4. Pomegranate
Pomegranate is a fruit-bearing small tree, genus Punica, belongings to family Lythraceae, native to Iran, cultivated in Asian since ancient time.

Pomegranate extracts and genistein exerted anti-cancer effect in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells(MCF-7) in doses and time depending manner(49) by downregulated HR genes (a ubiquitous cellular pathway that mediates transfer of genetic information) and increased expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-183 (predicted target RAD50) and miR-24 (regulation of gene expression)(50).

Pomegranate fruit extracts (PFEs), on dose-dependent, inhibited NF-kB-dependent reporter gene responses associated with proliferation, invasion, and motility in aggressive breast cancer phenotypes while decreasing RhoC and RhoA protein expression as these genes are associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis(51).

6. Grapes
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound known as a good chemopreventive agent for inhibiting carcinogenesis processes that target the regulators of cell function and DNA replication, found abundantly in grapes, berries and peanuts are associated to reduced risk of breast cancer.

HS-1793, a synthetic version of the compound of resveratrol-induced G2/M(DNA damage checkpoint) arrest in the cell cycle progression through induction of p53(tumor suppressor gene)-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells(52).

Catechin (RQC), a polyphenol, was effective in ameliorated mammary tumor growth and metastasis, by reduced Akt (multiple cellular process activity, induced the activation of AMPK(cellular energy)), and inhibited mTOR(mediate cellular responses) signaling in breast cancer cells(53).

In Her-2 breast cancer, fox grape seed extract increased the expression of Bax(an apoptosis promoter) and AIF(Apoptosis inducing factor), and decreased total PARP(cellular processes) expression, leading to significant downregulation of Her-2 in MCF-7 cells(54).

7. Pineapple
Pineapple is a species of Ananas Comos, belongings to the family Bromeliaceae and native to southern Brazil and Paraguay, cultivated for commercial uses.

Pineapple rich of vitamins and mineral and digesting enzyme bromelin seems to help digestion after a high protein meal.

Persin exerted an significant anti breast cancer effect in both estrogen receptor (ER) and ER-negative breast cancer cells(45).

Bromelain, a major chemical constituent exerted anti-metastasis against breast cancer by upregulating the function of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and migration and p38 kinase to cause programmed cell death(56).

In GI-101A breast cancer cells, bromelain induced cell death via activation of the apoptosis mechanism, in increased dose-dependent by promoting apoptosis and cytokine processing of caspase-9 and caspase-3 coinciding with an elevation of serum CK18 levels(56).

In the brMDA-MB-231 mammary carcinoma, oral administration of bromelain increased the reduced bMAK- and MAK-cell activity in cell cycle regulation from 7.8% to 54% (bMAK-cell activity) and from 16% to 47% (MAK-cell activity by stimulating the deficient monocytic cellular cytotoxicity of the mammary tumor(57).

8. Apple
Apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, a species of the rose family Rosaceae, originated in Central Asia.

In estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, apple phytochemical extracts significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and cell cycle modulation(58).

In breast carcinoma Mcf-7 and Mcf-7:Her18 cells, peels of apple were effective in antiproliferation accompanied by a G0-G1 phase arrest in cell cycle through activated tumor suppressor protein that suppressed the regulation of cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis(59).

Study of apple extracts and quercetin 3-beta-d-glucoside combination, also showed to possess the synergistic effect in MCF-7 cell proliferation(60).

9. Orange
Orange is a species of Citrus Sinensis, belongings to the family Rutaceae and native to the Southeast Asia.

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), a chemical compound found in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel, induced Ca(2+)-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through proapoptotic activity(61).

D-limonene, another compound in orange peel oil, in rodent studies, also exhibited chemotherapeutic activity against mammary cells, through the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, tumor redifferentiation, and/or suppression of key proteins of cell growth-regulating (62).


Taken Together, vegetables(7)(8) and fruits(9)(10) or their chemical compounds may process a huge effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of the breast cancer through induced apoptosis by blocking the energy sources of the pathways, influencing the signal pathways of cell proliferation or suppressing the promoted cancers genes.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.



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