The Best and Natural Anti Inflammatory Diseases and Conditions Functional Food, Scientists Say

Eggplant may be used as a therapeutic and positive anti-inflammatory functional food without alternating the immune activity in inflammatory diseases and conditions, some scientists opinionated.

Eggplant with deep purple color is a species of S. melongena, belongs to the family Solanaceae cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory, and native to India.

Inflammation is a natural expression by the immune system in the induction of while blood cells for protection our body against infection caused by the foreign invasion.

However, Overstimulation of inflammatory cytokines to fight the infection may have a strong negative impact on the body tissue and organs, such as forming of scars, the death of the healthy cells in the infectious site.

Prolong period of inflammation may lead to permanent tissue damage and alternation of DNA of healthy cells.

Some researchers suggested that chronic inflammation can eventually lead to the development of numbers of diseases and conditions, including some cancers, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

For example, the risk of colon cancer is increased substantially to people with chronic inflammatory ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease in compared to healthy adults

Dr. Leonard BE at the joint study involved diseases association to long-term inflammation, lead by the National University of Ireland, said, "Physical ill-health is a common feature of depression. Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer are, for example, common occurrences and lead to increased morbidity and mortality" and "( that the causes of inflammatory diseases may be) attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle or due to genetic or other causes that are exacerbated by stress and adverse environmental factors"(4).

According to Canadian statistic, approximately 233,000 Canadians are living with IBD in 2012 (129,000 individuals with CD and 104,000 with UC), corresponding to a prevalence of 0.67%. And approximately 10,200 incident cases occur annually. IBD can be diagnosed at any age, with typical onset occurring in the second or third decade of life(5).


Researchers today still don't know why some people are susceptible to disease prevalence while others don't.

Most common risk factors of inflammatory diseases include unhealthy diet, hormones expression, use of immunosuppressive and infectious drugs, obesity, prolong exposure to sunlight and radiation, tobacco, old age, alcohol abuse, .... and cancer-causing substances.

In the differentiation of water extract of Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) effect in induction of antioxidant, analgesic, hypolipidemic and antiallergic activity in mice induced by injection of trypsin or trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) (tc-NH(2)) into the hind paw, scientists found that oral administration of the extract at doses of 5, 10, and 100 mg/kg display strong effects in inhibition of both paw edema and vascular permeability.

Further analysis also showed that the highest dose injection of 10 mg/kg expressed the greatest activity in compared to the others in significantly inhibited PAR2 agonist-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in stimulated immune function activated pro-inflammatory cytokines and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression to precipitate inflammation in response to the acute phase of infection.

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), are a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors found in the inflammatory cells and epithelial tissues that process a function in participated in the development of inflammatory diseases.

In these cases, Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) induced inflammation through activated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha involved systemic inflammation in the acute phase reaction.

After taking into account of other con-founders, Dr. Umamageswari MS suggested that water extract of the S. melongena (SMWE) inhibits PAR2 agonist-induced mouse paw edema, through its anti-inflammatory expression.

According to the investigated the inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of leaves of Solanum melongena Linn in arrageenan induced paw edema, in compared to standard medicine aspirin, oral application of Solanum melongena L. in different doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg at 1(st) h, 3(rd) h, and 5(th) after injection revealed significant effects in reduced inflammation linearly induced by carrageenan toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.

Additional differentiation, also suggested that the doses of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous extract of S. melongena L showed the percentage of inhibition of 42.62% which is less than the standard drug aspirin which showed 64.5% inhibition.


In free radical-induced chronic inflammation, the investigation of 4 our new lignanamides, melongenamides A-D (1-4), together with six known ones (5-10) isolated from the roots of Solanum melongena L. also demonstrated a significant activity in inhibitions of inflammatory effect caused by free radical species nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages through their antioxidant effect.

Interestingly, the study also found out that not all compound extracted from the roots expressed the same levels of antioxidant properties in reduced inflammatory induced by ROS.

In compared to other compounds, compound melongenamide 1 exerted antioxidant effect without inhibited free radical nitric oxide production.

The findings suggested that eggplant may be used as functional food in reduced risk of inflammation in acute infection and as an adjunct therapy in combination with standard treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the diseases and conditions are necessary to complete the picture of eggplant anti-inflammatory possibilities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) The aqueous extract of Solanum melongena inhibits PAR2 agonist-induced inflammation by Han SW1, Tae J, Kim JA, Kim DK, Seo GS, Yun KJ, Choi SC, Kim TH, Nah YH, Lee YM. (PubMed)
(2) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Solanum melongena Linn. In experimental animals by Umamageswari MS1, Maniyar YA2.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-inflammatory lignanamides from the roots of Solanum melongena L by Sun J1, Gu YF1, Su XQ1, Li MM1, Huo HX1, Zhang J1, Zeng KW2, Zhang Q3, Zhao YF3, Li J4, Tu PF5.(PubMed)
(4) Inflammation as the cause of the metabolic syndrome in depression by Leonard BE(PubMed)
(5) Inflammatory bowel disease: A Canadian burden of illness review by Angela Rocchi, MSc,1 Eric I Benchimol, MD PhD,2 Charles N Bernstein, MD,3 Alain Bitton, MD,4Brian Feagan, MD,5 Remo Panaccione, MD,6 Kevin W Glasgow, MD,7 Aida Fernandes, MBA,7 and Subrata Ghosh, MD(PubMed)