Strawberries, the Potential Anti-Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Functional Fruits

Scientists may have found a whole fruit for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, some studies suggested.

Inflammation is the natural and systematic immune response with an aim to protect our body against infectious stimuli associated to the acute body damage and injury.

During the acute phase of infection, the immune white blood cells of the first line of defense signal the production of proinflammatory cytokines to the site of damage within minutes to protect against blood loss and infection.

However, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the acute phase can cause damage to the nearby healthy cells, leading to improper healing of the formation of scars.

Chronic inflammation that lasts longer than 3 months is a result of immune system failure in killing off all the infectious pathogens in the acute phase of inflammation.

More precisely, chronic inflammation is characterized by the simultaneous destruction and repair of the tissue from the inflammatory process as the result of the progressive change in the cells presented at the site of inflammation.

Some researchers suggested that chronic inflammation can also be caused by the immune system attacking the bodily the healthy tissue by mistaking them as foreign pathogens and long-term exposure to a low level of a particular irritant or foreign materials such as substances or industrial chemical, that can not be broken down by the body systems.

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae.

The fruits have been grown all over the world with a suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

The major chemical compounds of strawberry include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

In the reaffirming the epidemiological evidence supports the inverse associations between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of chronic inflammatory disease, researchers at the Pure Encapsulations, Inc conducted an investigation to examine the effect of dietary botanicals with salient health benefits.

Inline with molecular pharmacology research, the tested berries including strawberry exerted a significant anti-inflammatory activity through the expression of the phenolic constituents and antioxidants.

Berry and spinach extracts in vitro exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity.

In a dose-dependent manner, a proprietary mixture of cranberry, strawberry and blueberry extracts inhibited inhibitor of κB kinase β, a central node in inflammatory signal transduction.

A proprietary mixture of blueberry, strawberry, and spinach extracts inhibited prolyl endopeptidase, a regulator of neuroinflammatory and an emerging therapeutic target in neurology and psychiatry.

After taking into account co and confounders, Dr. Heim KC, the lead scientists said, "Specific molecular targets of blended dietary plants with potential relevance to inflammation and neurological health".

Furthermore, in the study to reconfirm the anti-inflammatory efficacy of strawberry, researchers at the University of California conducted a test to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and blood glucose (BG)-regulating capacity of strawberries in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

A total of thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice included in the examination were randomly divided into four groups (nine mice per group). Mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF, 13 % fat), the LF supplemented with 2·6 % freeze-dried strawberry powder (LFSB), a high-fat diet (HF, 44 % fat) or the HF supplemented with 2·6 % strawberry powder (HFSB).
Before injection of strawberry extract, mice group fed with HF increased non-fasted BG, insulin, and proinflammatory cytokines and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors.

Application of in HF diet group showed a strong effect in lowering the BG concentrations compared to the non-supplemented mice (11·37 mmol/l; P = 0·0022). The BG values were found to decrease by approximately 6·5 % in the supplemented mice.


Additionally, SB lowered plasma C-reactive protein used to test for inflammation in the LFSB group compared to the other three groups.

These results once again supported a promising role for dietary strawberries in reducing the risks associated with obesity and diabetes and regulating the levels of inflammatory markers in non-obese individuals.

Taken altogether, strawberry may be considered a functional fruit for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases and an adjunct therapy combined with conventional medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammation.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Anti-inflammatory and neuroactive properties of selected fruit extracts by Heim KC, Angers P, Léonhart S, Ritz BW. (PubMed)
(2) Dietary strawberry powder reduces blood glucose concentrations in obese and lean C57BL/6 mice, and selectively lowers plasma C-reactive protein in lean mice by Parelman MA, Storms DH, Kirschke CP, Huang L, Zunino SJ.(PubMed)