Whole Food Tomato, The Potent Inhibitor Against Platelet Aggregation in Vitro and Vivo

Platelet aggregation is a condition of platelets clumping together in the blood. The process also is also necessary for the cover of vascular injury.s

In other words, after sensing the bodily injury or damage, the immune system of the first line of defense stimulates the production of blood platelets to cover the site of injury with an aim to reduce the risk of infection.

Platelet disorders can lead to abnormal bleeding. Most common types of the genetic proposition of platelet disorders including

* Disorder of platelet adhesion, also known as Bernard-Soulier Syndrome is a condition in which the platelets fail to adhere together, leading to frequent bruises, nose bleeds and bleeding in the mouth and gums.

* Disorder of platelet aggregation also known as Glanzmann Thrombasthenia is a condition that the platelets not only fail to cover at the site of an injury but also prolong the bleeding.

* Disorder of platelet secretion is a condition that causes the slows down normal platelet adhesion, aggregation, and repair of the blood vessel.

* Disorder of platelets procoagulant activity, also know as Scott Syndrome is a condition in which the platelets fail to promote activation of the blood clotting proteins.


Conventionally, certain medications with blood-thinning activity such as aspirin (ASA) and other drugs containing aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and some antibiotics may have a strong implication of the formation of platelets coagulation.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

With an aim to find the natural ingredient for the treatment of platelet aggregation, researchers examined the anti-human platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or arachidonic acid in aqueous extract of tomato.


The study included sugar-free tomato extract (TE) obtained by a heat-stable fraction with molecular mass <1,000 Da from tomatoes.was tested against the human plasma and rabbit lung.


100 g tomatoes produced 72.2 ± 4.7 mg of TE used in the experiment inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner.
The TE maximum effect in the inhibition of platelet aggregation was found to be at an IC50 value of was 0.4 ± 0.02 mg/ml,
Furthermore, compared to the efficacy of TE, Fruitflow(®)-2 showed similar amounts of catechin also exerted a similar inhibitory potency against platelet aggregation activity.


In order to find more information about tomato anti-cardiovascular disease activity, researchers at the University of Newcastle examined the effect of an aqueous tomato fraction (tomato extract) against platelet aggregation in vitro.


According to the tested results from assays, platelet-rich plasma prepared from human blood incubated in the presence of tomato extract, collagen-induced, and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited by the extract, compared to those with nontreatment plasma without affecting the basal cAMP levels in platelets.

Where cAMP plays a critical role in the regulation and signaling in platelets.

Interestingly, the extract inhibition of platelet aggregation was found to be dose-dependent and increased with longer incubation times.

However, the extract showed no effect anti-platelet aggregation induced by the presence of arachidonic acid.

In other words, the tomato extract inhibits platelet aggregation associated with other mechanisms involved in cathepsin G-induced human platelet activation such as the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway instead of cAMP levels.

Taken altogether, tomatoes may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of platelet aggregation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tomato extract in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tomato extract inhibits human platelet aggregation in vitro without increasing basal cAMP levels by Lazarus SA1, Garg ML. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of tomato extract on human platelet aggregation in vitro by Dutta-Roy AK1, Crosbie L, Gordon MJ. (PubMed)
(3) Types of platelet function disorders. Hereditary platelet function disorders can be divided into five groups depending on the type of abnormality by the Canadian Hemophilia Society