Tomato and Endometrial Cancer

 Posted by Chantel Martiromo

The incidence of endometrial cancer among white women are higher in comparison of black. According to the statistic, the risk of endometrial cancer among women is 1 in 7000. Every year, about 40,000 women in US are diagnosed with the disease. Women who carry certain mutation genes, such as  BRCA1 or the BRCA2 are associated to increased risk of endometrial cancer.
Depending to the stage and grade of the cancer, chemotherapy such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin. Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, Topotecan may be necessary after surgery. Although epidemiological studies focusing the effective of vegetables and fruits in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer with inconclusive results(1)(2)(3)(4),

Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose and often in green house. Lycopene, a major carotenoid component of tomato has been known in research community with the property to attenuate the risk of endometrial cancer., through cellular effects, either by chemical oxidation or by enzymatic cleavage inside the cells(5). In endometrial (ECC-1) cancer cell,composition of lycopene and atRA inhibited Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) -I-stimulated cell cycle progression through G1 to S phase and decreased (retinoblastoma protein (pRb)) tumor suppressor protein dysfunction(6) or cell cycle progression(7). In the comparison of the effects of  lycopene and alpha- and beta-carotene in endometrial cancer, lycopene is more potent in inhibited basal endometrial cancer cell proliferation, and suppressed insulin-like growth factor-I-  stimulated growth(8).

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References
(1) Conference on "Multidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems". Symposium on "Nutrition and health". Cruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancer: epidemiological evidence BY Kim MK, Park JH(PubMed)
(2) Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Verhoeven DT, Goldbohm RA, van Poppel G, Verhagen H, van den Brandt PA(PubMed)
(3) Brassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van Poppel G, Verhoeven DT, Verhagen H, Goldbohm RA.(PubMed)
(4) Fruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis by Bandera EV, Kushi LH, Moore DF, Gifkins DM, McCullough ML(PubMed)

(5) The role of lycopene and its derivatives in the regulation of transcription systems: implications for cancer prevention by Sharoni Y, Linnewiel-Hermoni K, Zango G, Khanin M, Salman H, Veprik A, Danilenko M, Levy J.(PubMed)
(6) Lycopene inhibition of IGF-induced cancer cell growth depends on the level of cyclin D1 by Nahum A, Zeller L, Danilenko M, Prall OW, Watts CK, Sutherland RL, Levy J, Sharoni Y.(PubMed)
(7) Lycopene inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast and endometrial cancer cells is associated with reduction in cyclin D levels and retention of p27(Kip1) in the cyclin E-cdk2 complexes by Nahum A, Hirsch K, Danilenko M, Watts CK, Prall OW, Levy J, Sharoni Y.(PubMed)
(8) Lycopene is a more potent inhibitor of human cancer cell proliferation than either alpha-carotene or beta-carotene by Levy J, Bosin E, Feldman B, Giat Y, Miinster A, Danilenko M, Sharoni Y.(PubMed)