Endometriosis and Vitamins: Health effects of Vitamin A in Endometriosis

Posted by Chantel Martiromo, Research article by Kyle J. Norton

During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body to cause endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, by building and breaking up tissues and eliminating them through menstrual period.

The Health effects of Vitamin A in Endometriosis
Vitamin A is a bi-polar molecule formed by bonds between carbon and hydrogen. It is a fat soluble vitamin. This means it can not be stored in the liver but it can be converted from beta-carotene, a powerful antioxidant. Besides helping in treating endometriosis, it is also known to have strong effects in improving vision and enhancing bone growth.

The health effects
1. Vitamin A is a very powerful antioxidant that not only helps to strengthen the immune system, but also protects against the growth of endometriosis, according to the University of California, The combination of Simvastatin and Retinoic acid (RA), showed that Simvastatin potentiated an inhibitory effect of RA on growth of human endometrial stromal (HES) cells(94), probably through  suppressing interleukin-6 production in human endometrial cells(98).

2. Vitamin A helps in regulating the gene expression by fighting against the forming of free radicals and protecting the body organs from abnormal growth of endometrial implants and adhesion, according to the Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern, endometriotic stromal cells, cause decreased expression of these genes of that leads to decreased retinol uptake and dominant FABP5-mediated prosurvival activity(95).

3. Vitamin A working together with other antioxidants as well as functioning of protein synthesis and fatty acid metabolism reduced oxidative stress which is a component of the inflammatory reaction associated with endometriosis(97), according to Université Catholique de Louvain(96).

4. Iron is necessary for production of red blood cells that carry oxygen in the blood stream for the body's cells(100). Women who have endometriosis with heavy blood loss during menstruation normally have iron deficiency because of loss of iron which is far greater than what the body can produce leading to anemia(101). S-ferritin levels were inversely correlated with the duration of menstrual bleeding. Intake of vitamin A and iron will increase the production of red blood cells far better than taking iron supplements alone(102).
Remember, overloading on zinc or iron is toxic to our body and may induce endometriosis(99). Please make sure to talk to your doctor for the correct amount.

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References
(94) Effects of simvastatin on retinoic acid system in primary human endometrial stromal cells and in a chimeric model of human endometriosis by Sokalska A¹, Anderson M, Villanueva J, Ortega I, Bruner-Tran KL, Osteen KG, Duleba AJ.(PubMed)
(95) Altered retinoid uptake and action contributes to cell survival in endometriosis by Pavone ME¹, Reierstad S, Sun H, Milad M, Bulun SE, Cheng YH.(PubMed)
(96) Oxidative stress and peritoneal endometriosis by Van Langendonckt A¹, Casanas-Roux F, Donnez J.(PubMed)
(97) Women with endometriosis improved their peripheral antioxidant markers after the application of a high antioxidant diet by Mier-Cabrera J¹, Aburto-Soto T, Burrola-Méndez S, Jiménez-Zamudio L, Tolentino MC, Casanueva E, Hernández-Guerrero C.(PubMed)
(98) Retinoic acid suppresses interleukin-6 production in human endometrial cells by Sawatsri S¹, Desai N, Rock JA, Sidell N.(PubMed)
(99) The role of iron in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by Kobayashi H¹, Yamada Y, Kanayama S, Furukawa N, Noguchi T, Haruta S, Yoshida S, Sakata M, Sado T, Oi H.(PubMed)
(00) Insights into iron and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) involvement in chronic inflammatory processes in peritoneal endometriosis by Defrère S¹, González-Ramos R, Lousse JC, Colette S, Donnez O, Donnez J, Van Langendonckt A.(PubMed)
(101) Iron status in 268 Danish women aged 18-30 years: influence of menstruation, contraceptive method, and iron supplementation by bMilman N¹, Clausen J, Byg KE.(PubMed|)
(102) Iron deficiency and anemia are associated with low retinol levels in children aged 1 to 5 years by Saraiva BC¹, Soares MC¹, Santos LC¹, Pereira SC¹, Horta PM².(PubMed)