Endometriosis: The Effects on n Digestive System

Posted by Chantel Martiromo, Research article by Kyle J. Norton

During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body to cause endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, by building and breaking up tissues and eliminating them through menstrual period.

The Effects on n Digestive System

1. Constipation or difficult defecation
Defecation is the final act of digestion by which organisms eliminate waste material from the digestive tract via the anus. Constipation is caused by endometriosis implants or adhesion thst are attached to organs of excretion resulting in painful urination, as well as defecation(60)(61).
2. Bloating
Bloating may have several causes, the most common being accumulation of liquids and intestinal gas. In endometriosis, bloating is caused by ovarian cysts, endometrial implants, or adhesion in the intestines that promote collection of fluid within an ovary causing swelling in the abdominal region and swelling in the digestive system as resulting of lack of regular ovulation and excessive amounts of androgenic hormones(62)(63).

3. Rectal bleeding
Constipation normally is the main cause of rectal bleeding. In endometriosis, endometrial implants or adhesion in large intestine resulting in rectal bleeding as waste passing through. It also causes rectal bleeding just before and during menstruation as endometrial bleeding(64)(65).

4. Diarrhea
Sudden bouts of diarrhea may be caused by bacterial infection. In woman with endometriosis, deficiency of vitamin A and B are common, causing low level of enzymes that allow food to pass through the intestine undigested(66).

5. Fluid retention
Fluid retention may be caused by endometrial cysts located other than in the reproductive system. Endometrial lining bleeding during menstruation causes blood to have nowhere to escape causing fluid retention in some parts of the body(67).

6. Anorexia
Anorexia nervosa is a type of eating disorder usually develop in the teen years and effect over 90% of female, because of excessive food restriction and irrational fear to become fat due the wrongly influenced media as attractiveness is equated to thinness. Some researchers suggested that the earliest signs of the disease: anorexia, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, irregular menstrual cycles, or infertility may  be an indication of endometriosis, in animal study(68).

F. Difficult in Urination(10)
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References
(60) Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation in patients with endometriosis by Meurs-Szojda MM¹, Mijatovic V, Felt-Bersma RJ, Hompes PG.(PubMed)
(61)[Transmural rectal endometriosis as a cause of chronic constipation. A case report and literature review].[Article in Spanish] by Hernández Magro PM¹, Barrón Vega R, Rivas Larrauri E, Godínez Guerrero MA, Pérez González M, López Patiño S.(PubMed)
(62)[Endometriosis of the ileum as cause intestinal obstruction].[Article in Spanish] by Meza Flores JL¹, Ruiz Yaya K, Ramírez Anglas FL, Yabar Berrocal A.(PubMed)
(63)Abdominal bloating: an under-recognized endometriosis symptom by Luscombe GM¹, Markham R, Judio M, Grigoriu A, Fraser IS.(PubMed)
(64)Intestinal endometriosis as a cause of rectal bleeding: a case report by Vergelí Rojas JA¹, Pagán Rodríguez L, Santiago Muñoz C, Gutiérrez Rivera S.(PubMed)
(65) Cyclical rectal bleeding in colorectal endometriosis by Levitt MD¹, Hodby KJ, van Merwyk AJ, Glancy RJ.(PubMed)
(66) Randomized trial of laparoscopically assisted versus open colorectal resection for endometriosis: morbidity, symptoms, quality of life, and fertility. by Daraï E¹, Dubernard G, Coutant C, Frey C, Rouzier R, Ballester M.(PubMed)
(67)Massive hemothorax due to diaphragmatic endometriosis after a laparoscopic cystectomy of an ovarian endometrioma in a patient without a history of thoracic endometriosis by Kyo S¹, Takakura M, Nishida S, Ozaki S, Oda M, Inoue M.(PubMed)
(68)endometriosis should be suspected in animals displaying the earliest signs of the disease: anorexia, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, irregular menstrual cycles, or infertility by Green SL¹, Tolwani RJ, Waggie KS, Otto GM. (PubMed)