Cervical cancer is malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri
or cervical area caused by abnormal cells growth with alternation of
cells DNA. According to the American Cancer Society's, in 2014, 12,360
new cases of invasive cervical cancer will be diagnosed with the death
of 4,020 patients. The risk of cervical cancer is higher in Hispanic
women followed by African-Americans, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and
whites(a).
Depending to the stage and grade of the cancer, if the cancer is found
in the early stahe, hysterectomy may not be needed. Other while after
sugery, chemotherapy including Cisplatin, Fluorouracil (5-FU),
Mitomycin, Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Bevacizumab and
radiotherapy may be necesary, but with certain side effects. Emerging
suggestion of a healthy and balanced diet to improve high serum levels of antioxidants may reduce cervical neoplasia risk(b)(c) but other suggested that the role of diet and nutrition in the etiology of cervical cancer
is not yet resolved(d) and Catalan Institute of Oncology study showed
statistically nonsignificant inverse associations were also observed for
leafy vegetables, root vegetables, garlic and onions, citrus fruits, vitamin C, vitamin E and retinol for invasive squamous cervical cancer (ISC)(e).
Fatty fish containing a large amounts of omega-3, 6 fatty acids may be
associated to reduced risk of cancers. Docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) found in fish
oil plays important roles in reduced the progression of carcinogenesis,
including human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa(29), through cytotoxic
effects(30). Unluckily, in the study of the relationship between dietary
fat and cancer, researchers at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, indicated that fish omega-3 polyunsaturated fat had a nonsignificant negative association with the cancer(31).
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References
(a) Cerical cancer (Amerrican cancer society)
(b) Diet and serum micronutrients in relation to cervical neoplasia and cancer among low-income Brazilian women by Tomita LY1, Longatto Filho A, Costa MC, Andreoli MA, Villa LL, Franco EL, Cardoso MA; Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA) Study Team.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of dietary dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: modification by smoking by Tomita LY1, Roteli-Martins CM, Villa LL, Franco EL, Cardoso MA; BRINCA Study Team.(PubMed)
(d) Diet and the risk of in situ cervical cancer among white women in the United States by Ziegler RG1, Jones CJ, Brinton LA, Norman SA, Mallin K, Levine RS, Lehman HF, Hamman RF, Trumble AC, Rosenthal JF, et al.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary factors and in situ and invasive cervical cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study by González CA1,
Travier N, Luján-Barroso L, Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Roura E,
Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, Boeing H, Pala V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R,
Panico S, Manjer J, Dillner J, Hallmans G, Kjellberg L, Sanchez MJ,
Altzibar JM, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Allen N, Key TJ,
Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Munk C, Kjaer SK,
Peeters PH, van Duijnhoven FJ, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC,
Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Lund E, Engeset D, Skeie G,
Franceschi S, Slimani N, Rinaldi S, Riboli E.(PubMed)
(29) Omega-3 but not omega-6 unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the cancer-specific ENOX2 of the HeLa cell surface with no effect on the constitutive ENOX1 by Morre J1, Morré DM, Brightmore R.(PubMed)
(30) Differential sensitivity of cancer
cells to docosahexaenoic acid-induced cytotoxicity: the potential
importance of down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression by
Ding WQ1, Vaught JL, Yamauchi H, Lind SE.(PubMed)
(31) Types of dietary fat and the incidence of cancer at five sites by Hursting SD1, Thornquist M, Henderson MM.(PubMed)
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