The Holistic research, clinical trials and studies of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOs): The Risk Factors

Posted by Chantel Martiromo, Research article By Kyle J. Norton

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOs)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasing altered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The Risk factors

1. Family history
Risk of PCOs is increase if your mother or sister has PCOS(29). According to North Staffordshire Hospital, polycystic ovaries are highly prevalent within families as an autosomal dominant trait, in the analysis of 29 polycystic ovary syndrome and 10 control families(30).

2. Reproductive age women
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 4% to 18% of reproductive-aged women(31)

3. Environment risks
a. Eating plastic-packaged food(32), fruit with pericarp(32) and drinking alcohol(32) were associated to the independent risk factors for PCOS. According to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, risks of PCOs increased with the use of disposable plastic cup for drinking, cooking oil fume and indoor decoration(33).
b. Exposure to industrial products such as Bisphenol A (BPA)(36)were found to exacerbate the clinical course of PCOS(34) as they exhibited impairment of normal reproductive function and metabolic regulation(35).

4. Dietary factor
Over-nutrition with foods in advanced glycated end products (AGEs) is found to associated to risk of PCOs(34).

5. Metabolic perturbations begin early in adolescence are also found to elevate risk of PCOs(37).

6. Psychotropic medication
Prolonged period uses of psychotropic drugs such as mood stabilizers, lithium are also induced higher risk of PCOs(38). Women with epilepsy are also at risk of developed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) if treated by valproate sodium (VPA) therapy(39)(40).

7. Genetic mutations
Although it is uncleared, genetic mutation of certain genes may be associated to the risk of PCOs, according to studies, such as the zona pellucida 4 (ZP4)(41) gene, polymorphism of FXIIIVal34Leu gene(42), C/T single nucleotide polymorphism at exon 17(43), single nucleotide polymorphism-56 of calpain-10 gene(44), vaspin rs2236242 polymorphism(45), etc.

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References
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