Cabbage inhibits the Onset and Progression of Liver Cancer in Vitro

The liver is the largest internal organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

The liver not only plays a critical role to filter the blood coming from the intestine before passing them to other parts of the body but also protects our body against toxin by detoxifying chemicals and metabolizes drugs.

Furthermore, the liver produces bile that not only aids the digestive function in food absorption but also builds strong cell membranes, produces vitamin D and steroid hormone.
Liver cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly in the liver tissue.

The causes of liver cancer are associated with the alternation of cells DNA which normally begins in the cells on the surface of the inner lining.

Liver cancer at the early stage no not cause any symptoms. However, at the advanced stage, liver cancer cells can cause a wide range of symptoms including jaundice, abdominal swelling and pain, and dark urine and white stool accompanied by the general symptoms of cancers such as unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, chronic fatigue and tiredness and gastrointestinal discomforts.

The most common cause of liver cancer is infected by the hepatitis virus. However, in North America, due to overexpression of overweight and obese of the population, liver cancer may be slowly progressed from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through cirrhosis to liver cancer.


According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society, every year, approximately, 1,900 men and 580 women are diagnosed with liver cancer, causing the death of 950 men and 270 women.

In 2017, 2,500 Canadians were diagnosed with liver cancer and 1,200 Canadians died from liver cancer.

Compared to the early stage of other cancer, the 5 years survival rate in the early stage diagnosis is only 31% and 43% of people with liver cancer diagnosed at stage 0 and 1.


The highest mortality rates occurred observed in East Asian countries probably due to the high incidence of hepatitis virus.

The world standardized mortality rate for liver cancer is 9.5 per 100,000 people (14.3 in males and 5.1 in females).

Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belong to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem which is crowded a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.
On finding a potential wholefood for the treatment of cancer, researchers compared the effect of isolated Sulforaphane (SFN) from red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var rubra) and the antiproliferative activity of various fractions.

In the inhibitory assays, sulforaphane (SFN) showed significant activity to induce cancer cell apoptosis.

Std SFN and purified SFN concentration found to have closer IC50 which is equal to 58.96 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells), 61.2 microgram/ml (Vero cells), compared to the extract of 113 microgram/ml (HEp-2 cells) and 125 microgram/ml (Vero cells), respectively.

More precisely, the application of SFN induced both cancer cell death by increasing the function of the expressions of the proteins (p53, caspase 3 and Bax) associated with pro-apoptosis and tumor suppression and inhibiting the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein (bcl-2),

Based on the results, Dr. Devi JR, the lead scientist said, "purified SFN possesses antiproliferative effects the same as Std SFN and its apoptotic mechanism in HEp-2 cells could be mediated through p53 induction, bax and bcl-2 signaling pathways".

Taken altogether, cabbage processed a high amount of SFN may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Mechanisms of anticancer activity of sulforaphane from Brassica oleracea in HEp-2 human epithelial carcinoma cell line by Devi JR1, Thangam EB. (PubMed)