Cruciferous Vegetables Inhibit the Expression of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's disease (PD)

Antioxidants are stable molecules with a unique function in the inhibition of oxidation.

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

In other words, oxidative stress is either caused by overexpression of free radical or depletion of antioxidant enzymes in the body.

Some researchers suggested that oxidative stress may also arise due to the chain reaction of free radicals in which free radicals donate or intercept an electron from other stable molecules.

This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition is associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.

Overexpression of free radicals is known to cause damage in contributing to the etiology of many chronic health problems such as cardiovascular and inflammatory disease, cataracts, and cancer.

Long-term oxidative stress presented in the body can cause protein and lipid damage and alternation of cell DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

More precisely, exogenous factors, such as cigarette smoke, and endogenous factors, such as the oxidative burst from activated macrophages are some of the factors involved in the risk of oxidative stress.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.
Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily to donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects movement caused by the gradual death of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in the brain called dopamine.

Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables, belongings to the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivated all over the world in suitable climate for commercial profits, including cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and green leafy vegetables.


On finding a potential herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the antioxidant Dithiolethiones, a group of sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds found in cruciferous vegetables protective effects against oxidative stress.

According to the tested analysis, in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson's disease (PD) model
* Before treatment of ACDT, cells treated by 6-OHDA showed to induce cell death, reduce the cell respiration, elevate the caspase associated with apoptosis, and increase of the levels of reactive oxygen species.

In other words, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) reduces neuron integrity and promotes neuron apoptosis to induce PD neurodegenerative disease.
* Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT), a derivative of Dithiolethiones induced the production of the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in a time-concentration-dependent manner by inhibiting the GSH-synthesizing enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC).

* Furthermore, the application of ACDT also promoted the expression of antioxidant through the activity of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2), that protect the cells against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation.


Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "Collectively, the data demonstrated ACDT to be a promising new dithiolethione for the treatment of PD, with two modifiable functional groups offering additional avenues for enhanced pharmacological application",

Taken altogether, Cruciferous vegetables processed abundantly phytochemical dithiolethionede may be considered a functional herb for the prevention and treatment of PD, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Disubstituted Dithiolethione ACDT Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Betharia S1, Rondόn-Ortiz AN2, Brown DA. (PubMed)