Genotoxicity is the activity of substances that can cause alternation of DNA of healthy cells to promote irregular cell growth. In other words, genotoxicity induces cancers.
Genotoxins are gene mutagens that have the property of genotoxicity, including radiation and chemical toxins.
Not all genotoxicity is mutagenicity, However, all mutagens are genotoxic.
Highly genotoxic chemicals include the known potent carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxin B1, N-nitroso compounds, and various alkylating agents that directly act on DNA, inducing breakage and cross-linking, and the formation of DNA adducts, abasic sites, oxidative damage, alkylation, and various other DNA lesions(4).
Interestingly, some genotoxins do not directly act on DNA but cause numerical chromosome aberrations during cell division(4).
Furthermore, certain chemicals used in pesticides, food additives, starches, shampoos, and fireproof and crease-proof fabrics may be considered as genotoxins as they also cause genetic mutations.
Moreover, automobile exhaust fumes and medicine used for their antibacterial activity and in chemotherapy(5), chemicals from occupational sources and tobacco may also induce mutations and cancer(6).
Genotoxic chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more genotoxic drugs to induce the death of cancer cells, by promotes the genotoxins cytotoxic effects to cause DNA damage into cancer cells.
Kale is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belong to the family Brassicaceae, native to coastal southern and western Europe. Since kale's leave is highly nutritious and easy to grow with a range of long season from the middle of winter through the beginning of spring, it is cultivated as foods in most parts of Europe.
On finding a potential wholefood for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of kale juice (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) in an animal model,
Male Swiss mice selected for the study were divided into groups of 6 animals, which were treated with water, natural, or commercial Brassica oleraceae juices (kale), lutein (LT), beta-carotene (BC), methyl methanesulfonate (MS) or cyclophosphamide (CP).
According to the tested analysis, treatment with kale leaf juices alone did not exert marked genotoxic or clastogenic effects.
MMS or CP demonstration strong DNA damage which was inhibited by the injection of kale juice.
Kale juices or carotenoids inhibited DNA damage induced by MMS or CP administered either pre- or posttreatment by 50 and 20%, respectively.
Additional differentiation also revealed that the most pronounced antigenotoxic activity were groups received juices, rather than carotenoids.
Based on the evidence, researchers said, "the synergy among constituents present in the food matrix may be more beneficial than the action of single compounds".
Taken altogether, kale juice may be considered a functional food for the prevention of cancer induced by genotoxins, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effect of green juice and their bioactive compounds on genotoxicity induced by alkylating agents in mice by Fagundes GE1, Damiani AP1, Borges GD1, Teixeira KO1, Jesus MM1, Daumann F1, Ramlov F2, Carvalho T2, Leffa DD1, Rohr P1, Moraes De Andrade V. (PubMed)
(2) Caffeinated Coffee, The Beverage Which Protects Cells Integrity Against Genotoxicity, Biomedical Literature Reveal by Kyle J. Norton
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