Fennel, A Potent Chemo-Preventive and Modulatory Functional Herb

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in modulated the effect of chemo drugs through its chemo modulatory activity, some scientists suggested.

The expression of fennel application in enhanced chemopreventive response was evident in animal models from the reduced tumor burden in reduced cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and reduced percentage of the tumor through some different publications.

The results were reported by several respectable institutes including Jawaharlal Nehru University and published on online medical literature.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc

According to the Jawaharlal Nehru University, in evaluate the chemopreventive effect of different doses of test diet of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Fennel) seeds on DMBA-induced skin and B(a)P-induced forestomach papilloma genesis in Swiss albino mice, application of fennel seeds displayed a significant reduction in the skin and the forestomach tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity as compared to the control group.




Biochemical assays showed a significant increase in the content/activities of phase I and II enzymes especially in the case of a 6% test diet, in detoxifying poisonous compounds caused by the injection of DMBA, through significant enhancement of antioxidant activities.



Further examination also found that injection of fennel seed stimulated production of antioxidant enzyme in the body tissue in repaired damage precipitated by peroxidation through lactate dehydrogenase activity.

Dr. Singh B, the lead author said, "A significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed especially at 4% and 6%" and "glyoxalase I(with function as an enzymatic defense against glycation) activity and the content of reduced glutathione (antioxidant) were significantly elevated".


Additionally, in the examine the effect of fennel bioactive compound anethole in chemo modulatory activity against the onset and spread of cancer, researchers found that application of fennel oil by inhibited the activated expression of NF-kappa B, a gene-altering and inflammation in triggering molecule in the development of various solid tumors through stimulated cancer proliferation.



Also, anethole injection reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin), a cell-signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. However, at a certain stage of cancer, gene expression in promoted cancer apoptosis is alternated, TNF changes from a cancer killer to a cancer promoter.



Additionally, with abundant fiber, fennel demonstrated a strong effect in the removal of toxins from the colon and therefore may be helpful in colon cancer prevention.


Dr. After taking into account of other co and confounders said, " Fennel contains flavonoid anti-oxidants compounds like kaempferol and quercetin which helps eliminate harmful free radicals from the body....".


In other words, fennel exerted chemo modulatory activity also through its flavonoid anti-oxidants compounds like kaempferol and quercetin in inhibited overexpression of free radicals and free radical chain reactive in protected against cytotoxicity in induction cells damage and alternated cell DNA in the facilitated onset of cancer.


Taking all together, fennel and its bioactive compound may be considered as a chemopreventive and modulatory functional food for reduced risk and treatment of various types of cancers.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Chemomodulatory action of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis, enzymes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant status in murine model system by Singh B1, Kale RK(PubMed)
(2) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PubMed)
(3) Arzoo and Milind Parle, Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharm. Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology(EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICALAND MEDICAL RESEARCH)