White Button Mushroom, The Potential Anti Colon Cancer Functional Food, Scientists Say

Scientists may have found an edible mushroom with the potential in reducing risk and treatment of colon cancer, some scientists suggested.

Primary colon cancer is a medical condition characterized the cell growth regularly that starts on the surface of the inner lining tissue of the colon.

After proliferating to the advanced stage, the cancerous cells can dispatch from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organs far the way from the colon.

The exact causes of colon cancer are unknown. As of today, researchers still wonder, why people with the same health condition, family history, and diet, some are susceptible to the onset of the disease while others do not.

According to the statistic, colorectal cancer(cancer that starts in the colon or rectum) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men and women combined in the United States. About 71% of cases arise in the colon and about 29% in the rectum.


Dr. Milly Ryan-Harshman, in the study of diet and colorectal cancer, suggested, "Whether red meat is a culprit in causing CRC remains unanswered, although any effect it might have is likely moderate and related to processing or cooking"


"The effect of dietary fiber on the risk of CRC has also been difficult to determine because fiber intake is generally low. Evidence that folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D reduce the risk of CRC is stronger"


" In particular, recent research indicates that calcium and vitamin D might act together, rather than separately, to reduce the risk of colorectal adenomas. There might also be an interaction between low folate levels and high alcohol consumption and CRC".


These results indicated a reduced intake of red meat, increase intake of nutrients from the fruits and vegetable including folic calcium and vitamin D are associated with the substantially reduced risk of colon cancer.

However, in the study conducted by the team lead by Dr. Dana-Farber, Cancer Center oncologist Jeffrey Meyerhardt, MD appeared in the Aug. 15 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Western diet not only associate to the colon cancer risk but also elevate the risk of recurrent colon cancer in colon cancer patients.


Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source,

It is a genus A. Muscaria and belongs to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivated in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.

Chemical constituents of white button mushroom include
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).

Intake of dietary supplementation with Se-enriched white button mushroom can reduce the production of antioxidants produced by the colon tumor by up-regulating the integrity of cell mRNA expression levels.
Se-enriched white button mushroom inhibited the colon cancer cell by stimulating the production of GPx-1 and 2 and anti-antioxidant enzyme activity.
Selenise white button mushroom can positively increase GPx-1 and GPx-2 gene expression and GPx-1 enzyme activity in rat colon cells in the protection of cell DNA alternation due to overexpression free radicals, Dr. Maseko T, the leader in the team at The University of Melbourne suggested at the final report.

The study was published in the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Furthermore, in the reassessment of the 2 epidemiological studies that demonstrated an inverse correlation between mushroom intake and the risk of cancer, researchers launched an investigation to evaluate whether white button mushroom affects the growth of breast and colon cancer cells.

Application of white button mushroom suppressed proliferation of colon cancer (HT-29, HCT-116) cells, without affecting the proliferation of epithelial mammary MCF-10A and normal colon FHC cells.

The inhibition of cell proliferation by the mushroom was associated with the cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HT-29 cells.

White button mushroom was also found to the up-regulated expression of p21 in the induction of apoptosis and inhibited Rb phosphorylation, a tumor suppressor protein in HT-29 cells,

The finding confirmed the results from the 2 epidemiological studies that white button mushroom process anti-colon cancer possibility.

Taken all together, dietary white button mushroom intake daily and regularly may have a significant effect in the prevention colon and combined with the primary therapy in the treatment of colon cancer

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(2) Selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus increases expression and activity of glutathione peroxidase-1 and expression of glutathione peroxidase-2 in rat colon by Maseko T1, Howell K, Dunshea FR, Ng K.(PubMed)
(3) Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits proliferation of human breast and colon cancer cells through p53-dependent as well as p53-independent pathway by Jedinak A1, Sliva D.(PubMed)
(4) Diet and colorectal cancer, Review of the evidence by Milly Ryan-Harshman, Ph.D. RD. (PubMed)