Beet or Beetroot, A Functional Food in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Beet or Beetroot may have a potential effect in ameliorated abnormal function of white blood cells such as neutrophils in reduced risk and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammation is a natural process of immune defense to remove injurious agents, cells, and tissues from the body.

Inflammatory bowel disease is the border term of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of intestines, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.

Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belonging to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.

According to the Poznan University of Medical Science, beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) products and their major component, betanin exhibited antioxidant activities against abnormal neutrophils in modulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage, in healthy subjects.

The efficacy of betanin in reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression is the result of exerting antioxidant free radical scavenging and neutralizing activities by slowed down or prevented the initiation of free radical chain reaction.

Additionally, betanin, as a major phytochemical also ameliorated the elevated ROS expression in promoted oxidative stress which was found to have a strong implication to cause cellular DNA damage. Some researchers suggested that betanin reduced the risk of cellular DNA damage. probably through inter influenced the pro-apoptotic caspase-3 in the action of the release of ROS and apoptotic cell death.



Indeed, activities of betanin in the attenuated risk of overexpression of ROS in the induction of DNA also may be an extrinsic way of the phytochemical in exerting anti-inflammatory and potentially cancer-preventive activity.


Further analysis and taking into account of other confounders, researchers once again indicated that betanin with concentration of 100 μM for 24 h, inhibited pro-inflammatory expression in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients by protecting the digestive tract that can be observed through action in decreased oxidative DNA damage and promoted apoptosis in neutrophils.


In fact, betaine and other phytochemical baicalein have shown to provide various health benefits to an organism in many ways, including down-regulation of inflammation against colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in the tested animals.

In the case of anti-inflammation, both betaine and baicalein also found to demonstrate a magnificent impact in regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, PGE2, and TNF-α in NF-ĸB activation beside activities in the inhibited expression of ROS.


Interestingly, in patients with ulcerative colitis, arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) derived from sugar beet pulp, stimulated Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. accompanied by a high production of acetate in eliciting anti-inflammatory responses, thus attenuating inflammatory conditions in UC patients.

The observation illustrated that beet may have the potential in acting as prebiotic to enhance the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestines, thus reducing.risk of flare-ups in UC patients.

Furthermore, arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) also showed to elevate the failure of local anesthesia in inflamed tissues through lowering of intestinal pH



The findings of improved antioxidants in attenuated free radicals in the induction of DNA and promotion of abnormal expression of neutrophils, as well as acting as prebiotic suggested that beet may be considered as a functional food in reduced risk of chronically digestive inflammatory diseases, particularly in inflammatory bowel disease.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) DNA damage and apoptosis in blood neutrophils of inflammatory bowel diseasepatients and in Caco-2 cells in vitro exposed to betanin by Zielińska-Przyjemska M1, Olejnik A2, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A3, Łuczak M4, Baer-Dubowska W1.(PubMed)
(2) Modulation of Colitis-associated Colon Tumorigenesis by Baicalein and Betaine by Kim DH1, Sung B1, Chung HY1, Kim ND1.(PubMed)
(3) In vitro fermentation of sugar beet arabino-oligosaccharides by fecal microbiota obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis to selectively stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp by Vigsnæs LK1, Holck J, Meyer AS, Licht TR.(PubMed)
(4) Anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via estrogen receptor and NF-κB-dependent pathways by Fan GW1, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Zhu Y, Wang B, Su L, Cao W, Zhang H, Gao X.(PubMed)