Kidney beans May Induce Risk of Intestinal Atrophy

Intake of kidney beans may result in an increased risk of the developed intestinal atrophy, the renowned institute study suggested.

Kidney beans with kidney shape, strong flavor and color of reddish-brown in nature are often the excellent dietary selection with no cholesterol, but a good source of protein and minerals.

Intestinal atrophy is the abnormality of the small intestine mucous membrane, caused by a bacterial infection.

According to the University of Utrecht, animal fed with kidney bean induced mucosal atrophy microscopically causing atrophy and dissection of the intestinal villus in association with lengthening crypts with cells in increased mitotic activity in compared to than normal tissues.

In comparison to controls, kidney bean intake significantly decreased the goblet cells in secrete gel-forming mucins, the major components of mucus but increased in the crypt region, a gland found in the intestinal epithelium lining of the small intestine and large intestine.

Dr. Kik MJ, the lead author of the study said, " feeding Phaseolus vulgaris beans reduced the digestive and absorptive capacity of the mucosa, resulting in weight loss and diarrhea in affected pigs".

In a randomized study with mice fed to chow, elemental diet, elemental diet plus concanavalin-A and elemental diet plus phytohaemagglutinin groups, group fed phytohaemagglutinin showed a strong effect of chemical compound lectin in inducing cell proliferation in the small intestine and crypt fission of the middle and distal small intestine in compared to other groups.

The study also showed that phytohaemagglutinin with a high amount of lectin also induced intestinal atrophy by affecting the gastric function and mobility through increased secretion of hormone in regulated gastric acid (HCl). In fact, the effects of lectins cause significant gastric trophy on the small intestine and colon may vary between different sites in the gastrointestinal tract.


In support of the above analysis, the Christian-Albrechts-Universität study
with 30-day old male rats paired for 10 days with lactalbumin as a control diet or lactalbumin plus PHA or purified soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) as a positive control (42 mg/rat/day) with or without 20 micrograms of the cholecystokinin A (CCK-A) antagonist MK 329, also found that oral administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in rats dose-dependently induces growth of the small intestine through significantly increased CCK plasma levels from 0.75 to 6.67 (SEM 2.23) compared with 2.3 (0.35) pM in the control group.

The result of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) intake in exhibit the intestine atrophy may be attributed to the lectin levels in increased production of hormone cholecystokinin in stimulating additional release of bile into the intestine.

Taking together, intake of kidney bean should be taken with care with patients with digestive problems as the level of lectin may induce intestinal atrophy.


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Sources
(1) Pathologic changes of the small intestinal mucosa of pigs after feeding Phaseolusvulgaris beans by Kik MJ1, Huisman J, van der Poel AF, Mouwen JM(PubMed)
(2) Lectins can reverse the dsstal intestinal atrophy associated with elemental diets in mice M by SASAKI*, A. J. FITZGERALD*, G. GRANT , M. A. GHATEIà, N. A. WRIGHT* & R. A. GOODLAD§(Wiley online Library)
(3) Red kidney bean lectin is a potent cholecystokinin releasing stimulus in the rat inducing pancreatic growth byK-H Herziga, S Bardoczc, G Grantc, R Nustedeb, U R Fölscha, A Pusztaic(BMJ Journals)