Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, affecting the airway of the lung with recurring symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.
Most signs and symptoms of asthma are triggered by exposure to various irritants and substances such as allergens.
Researchers do not know why some people are prone to the substances that trigger the symptoms of asthma while others do not, even they process the same health conditions in the same family.
According to the American Lung Association, there are many risk factors can trigger the onset of the diseases, including respiratory problems during infancy and childhood such as wheezing, children who experience viral respiratory infections, children who have an allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis (eczema) or allergic rhinitis (hay fever), can also develop asthma.
Most preventable risk factors that cause the onset of adults asthma are smoking and obesity. Dr. Chen Y and colleagues at the University of Ottawa in the investigation of the risk asthma in among female Canadians wrote, "The prevalence of asthma was 10.4% for males and 11.2% for females aged 12-24 years. Among the subjects aged 25 years or more, the prevalence varied from 4.1% to 5.8% for men and from 4.9% to 6.4% for women".
And, "Female smokers demonstrated a 1.7-fold increase in the prevalence of asthma compared with female nonsmokers" and " the prevalence of asthma increased with increasing body mass index in females".
The results strongly suggested that if you are female and you don't want to have asthma, you must lose weight and quit smoking.
Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere.
It has been used in herbal medicine used as a pain reliever in the digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.
The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin, and iso-S-petasin, etc.
With an aim to find a natural remedy for the treatment of asthma with no side effects, researchers at the examine the phytoceuticals (non-nutritional but beneficial plant chemicals) used as a pharmacotherapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Recently, herbal butterbur has been found to benefit and improve treatments for lung disease, particularly in that of airway inflammatory disease, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD.
Ovalbumin (OVA) immunized BALB/c mice selected to the experiment were given intranasally together with antigen challenge in the murine model of allergic airway disease (asthma)
The analysis of the inflammatory and immune parameters in the lung suggested FET treated mice exerted a significant effect in inhibiting the allergic response.
Furthermore, PET also inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophil recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid upon allergen challenge observed by a medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs but had no effect in the saline control mice.
According to the reading eosinophilic activation marker, PET at a concentration of 100 microg strongly lowered the levels of serum eosinophil peroxidase (EPO).
These results suggested inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus hyperproduction are significantly decreased in the lung with the administration of 100 microg PET.
Moreover, at the concentration of 30 microg PET, researchers found that airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation of treated mice associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines reduced (IL-4, IL-5) and RANTES production involved the mediation of acute and chronic inflammation are strongly reduced without affecting the expression of IgE and eotaxin serum levels.
Where Eotaxin is a small protein produced in the lungs of asthmatic patients.
The finding indicated PET inhibited the expression of asthma through decreasing the airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus hyperproduction of the asthmatic mice, in a dose-dependent manner.
Taken altogether, herbal butterbur may be considered a natural remedy for the prevention and combined with conventional medicine for the treatment of asthma and COPD with no side effects, pending to the confirmation of the large sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Phytoceuticals: the new 'physic garden' for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Grandhi S, Donnelly LE, Rogers DF.(PubMed)
(2) Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) inhibits allergen-induced Th2 responses, airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice by Brattström A1, Schapowal A, Maillet I, Schnyder B, Ryffel B, Moser R.(PubMed)
(3) Increased effects of smoking and obesity on asthma among female Canadians: the National Population Health Survey, 1994-1995 by Chen Y1, Dales R, Krewski D, Breithaupt K. (PubMed)
(1) Phytoceuticals: the new 'physic garden' for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Grandhi S, Donnelly LE, Rogers DF.(PubMed)
(2) Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) inhibits allergen-induced Th2 responses, airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice by Brattström A1, Schapowal A, Maillet I, Schnyder B, Ryffel B, Moser R.(PubMed)
(3) Increased effects of smoking and obesity on asthma among female Canadians: the National Population Health Survey, 1994-1995 by Chen Y1, Dales R, Krewski D, Breithaupt K. (PubMed)
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