Phytochemical Allicin, Gobbles Up Endometrial Cancer Cells in Vitro

Scientists may have found a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of endometrial cancer with no side effects, according to studies.

The endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particularly to the menstrual cycle.

Endometrial cancer is a late adulthood cancer characterized by the cell growth irregularly and uncontrollably in the endometrial tissue.

The cause of endometrial cancer is an alternation of call DNA in the endometrium.

Most cases of endometrial cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the endometrium. After penetrating deeper into the organ tissue, the cancerous cell may induce secondary metastasis through lymph and blood.

Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women overall, after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer. The average age diagnosed with endometrial cancer is 60.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, every year, approximately,
63,000 new cases of cancer of the body of the uterus (uterine body or corpus) will be diagnosed.
Endometrial cancer causes the death of 11,350 women,, every year.

The 5-year survival rate for women with uterine cancer is 81%. However, the 5 years mortality rate in black women is substantially higher, compared to white women.

Most common risk factors of endometrial cancer are associated with hormone change due to menopause, use of birth control pills, and tamoxifen pregnancy, ovarian tumors, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.


Some researchers suggested that obesity is one major cause of hormone change associated with the onset of endometrial cancer.

Dt. Evan L. Busch, the lead scientists analyzed the endometrial cancer risk factors, said, " Compared with not being obese, obesity increased the odds of having an ER-positive tumor at cut points of 0% to 20% [maximum OR, 2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34–6.33] as well as the odds of having a PR-positive tumor at cut points of 70% to 90% (maximum OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.36–4.68)".


And, " Obesity may be associated with greater endometrial tumor expression of ER and PR. Adding either marker does not appear to improve mortality prediction beyond the standard predictors".

Allicin is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.

With an aim to find the ingredient for the treatment of endometrial cancer, researchers determined whether pure allicin exhibits the antiproliferative effect reported for garlic in vitro models.

Treatment of allicin, but not its precursor alliin, inhibited proliferation of human endometrial (Ishikawa) cancer cells (50% inhibitory concentration = 10-25 microM).

Furthermore, the pure allicin and water extract of garlic powder with equivalent allicin concentrations displayed a similar potency.

The result strongly suggested that allicin is responsible for the antiproliferative effect of the extract.


Allicin treatments inhibited the levels of antioxidants produced by the cancer cell line and the extent of the decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels correlated well (r = 0.75) with the growth inhibitory activity of allicin.

However, the magnitude and kinetics of which significantly varied depending on cancer cell type.


Dr. Hirsch K, the lead scientist said, allicin plays a major role in the antiproliferative effect of water-soluble garlic preparations and that this effect may be attributed to the ability of allicin to transiently deplete the intracellular GSH level.

Moreover, treatment of allicin also induces cancer cell death through activating proteins associated with cell apoptosis and cell death programming.


Also, the efficacy of allicin also was attributed to the function of bioactive compound stimulating the protein involved "on" or "off" switch of cell apoptosis, as well as inhibiting the antioxidant enzymes produced by the cancer cells.

Taken altogether, phytochemical allicin may be considered a bioactive compound for reducing risk and combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of endometrial cancer.

However, intake of allicin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care as acute toxicity was reported in a number of cases.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Effect of purified allicin, the major ingredient of freshly crushed garlic, on cancer cell proliferation by Hirsch K, Danilenko M, Giat J, Miron T, Rabinkov A, Wilchek M, Mirelman D, Levy J, Sharoni Y. (PubMed)
(2) Allicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in U87MG human glioblastoma cells through an ERK-dependent pathway by Cha JH, Choi YJ, Cha SH, Choi CH, Cho WH. (PubMed)
(3) Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors, Hormone Receptors, and Mortality Prediction by Evan L. Busch, Marta Crous-Bou, Jennifer Prescott, Maxine M. Chen, Michael J. Downing, Bernard A. Rosner, George L. Mutter and Immaculata De Vivo. (AACR)