Phytochemical 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Eradicates Ovarian Cancer in Vitro

Ovarian cancer is the medical and chronic condition characterized by irregular cells growth in the tissues found either in at the tail ends of the fallopian tubes or the ovaries.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, ovarian cancer is one of the dealy reproductive cancer in women. Every year, the disease causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system.

The lifetime risk of a woman getting ovarian cancer is 1/78 compared to the lifetime dying risk of 1/108.

The 5-year relative survival of all stages of ovarian cancer is 47%. However, women with ovarian cancer diagnosed at the localized stage have a 5 years survival rate of over 92%.

The exact causes of ovarian cancer are not identified. However, epidemiological studies suggested that women who have endometriosis, genetic preposition such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, acquired genetic mutation such as TP53 tumor suppressor gene are susceptible to the substantial risk of the development of the disease.

Besides sharing the common symptoms of other types of cancer, most ovarian cancer patients may experience symptoms of discomfort in the pelvis area, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation. and a frequent need to urinate.

In seeking a natural product which processes anti-ovarian cancer property, researchers examined the effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) on ovarian cancer cell viability, invasion, and sensitivity to chemotherapy.

According to the final results obtained by the ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines treated by the 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), DIM treatment not only potently suppressed the viabilities of ovarian cancer cells but also inhibited xenograft growth in nude mice.


Furthermore, according to the gene analysis, DIM inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and AKT proteins and proteins activated by STAT3 and AKT involved in cell growth and division and cell movement in the ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines


Moreover, DIM inhibited the production of protein and genes associated with the production of a new blood vessel for the cancer cells to growth, promotion of cancer cell survival and anti-apoptosis.

Additionally, in order to obtain more information about DIM anti-ovarian cancer effects, researchers examined the phytochemical activity on Interleukin (IL6) which has been found to be a major contributor to the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer.


During the experiment, human ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines SKOV3 and A2780 treated with IL6 and/or DIM and subjected to in vitro proliferation, DIM inhibited the increase of ovarian cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion caused by the administration of IL-6 through deactivated the expression of protein STAT3 similar to that of the aforementioned study.

Importantly, DIM induced ovarian cancer cells apoptosis associated with the inhibition of the expression matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 associated with the pathologic relationship to cancer.

Taken altogether, 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 3,3'-Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer cell viability and metastasis and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity via STAT3 and Akt signaling in vitro and in vivo by Zou M1, Xu C2, Li H3, Zhang X4, Fan W. (PubMed)
(2) IL6-induced metastasis modulators p-STAT3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are targets of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in ovarian cancer cells by Zou M1, Zhang X2, Xu C. (PubMed)