Ovarian Cancer and Ginkgo biloba

  Posted by Chantel Martiromo

Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of  abnormal ovarian cells growth of ovaries.  It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths.
Ginkgo biloba is oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belonging to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of north America. It Has been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss,respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and bedwetting.
Ginkgolide B (GB), a major component of Ginkgo biloba extracts, significantly inhibited SKOV3 and CAOV3 cell proliferation by 57.3% and 63.1% compared with control cells with treatment of with 100 µM GB for 3 days, through the upregulation of p21(promoted cell cycle arrest), p27(regulation of cell proliferation, cell motility and apoptosis), cleaved capase-3(activated antibody), and cleaved caspase-8(activation and cell death) and downregulation of cyclin D1(regulation of cell cycle progression)(25). In BRCA1 mutations risk of developing ovarian cancers, bioinformatics software analysis indicated that GB treatment involved multiple mechanisms and signal pathways in anticancer activities in BRCA1-mutant cells(26). According to Harvard Medical School, in vitro experiments, Ginkgo extract and its components, quercetin and ginkgolide A and B, have significant anti-proliferative effects ( approximately 40%) in normal and ovarian cancer cells(27).
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References   
(25) Ginkgo May Sensitize Ovarian Cancer Cells to Cisplatin: Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Ginkgolide B on Ovarian Cancer Cells by Jiang W¹, Cong Q, Wang Y, Ye B, Xu C.(PubMed)
(26) Ginkgo may prevent genetic-associated ovarian cancer risk: multiple biomarkers and anticancer pathways induced by ginkgolide B in BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cells by Jiang W¹, Qiu W, Wang Y, Cong Q, Edwards D, Ye B, Xu C.(PubMed)
(27) Ginkgo biloba and ovarian cancer prevention: epidemiological and biological evidence by Ye B¹, Aponte M, Dai Y, Li L, Ho MC, Vitonis A, Edwards D, Huang TN, Cramer DW.(PubMed)