Overcome Infertility: Types of Artificial Inseminations

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Fertility is a natural process to insure the survival of human species. Through natural selection, we produce many offspring when the reproductive system works at it's peak in the suitable environment with plenty of food around. On the other hand, the reproductive system may completely shut down or work at it's minimum state in reproduction of offspring, when the environment is hostile including less foods around, war, epidemic, but regardless of all these factors, most women are capable of conceiving during their menstrual stages before menopause.

I. Definition
Non surgical infertility problem is considered as a problem which can not be treated by medication and surgery such as impotence and sexual dysfunction in men and hyperproclatinemia. The fertility of a couple is assisted by some types of assisting reproductive technologies.

II. Types of artificial inseminations
1. Intra cervical insemination
Artificial insemination (AI) or intra cervical insemination is the process by which sperm is placed into the reproductive tract of a female for the purpose of impregnating the female by using means other than sexual intercourse.

2. Intrauterine insemination
Intrauterine insemination is defined as the selection of good quality sperm from a infertile male sperm semen by injecting the good quality sperm fluid into the uterus of his female partner, thereby increasing the chance of sperm to reach the Fallopian tubes where fertilization of the egg occurs.

3. Gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (DIFT)
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) is a technique which places one egg in the Fallopian after removing from the ovaries along with the sperm semen of her male partner.

4. Zygote intrafallopian tube transfer (ZIFT)
It is a procedure which is often used to treat infertility, if diagnosis found that there is blockage in the female partner Fallopian tubes that prevents the sperm to fertilize the mature egg. Under zygote intrafallopian tube transfer (ZIFT), after egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, it is put in vitro fertilized and finally the zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by laparoscopy.

5. Tubal embryo transfer (TET)
By transferring the more advance embryos (cleaved embryos) into the female partner Fallopian tubes, it increases the chance of fertility after achieving fertilization in the laboratory. It is only suitable for women who have at least one healthy Fallopian tube.

6. Intrasytoplastic sperm injection (ICSI)
By injecting only one quality sperm into the egg for fertilization. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is commonly used only for male whose sperm are diagnosis with egg penetrating problem as a method of in vitro fertilization.

7. Testicle sperm extraction (TEST)
Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) is most commonly used for male who for what ever reasons, has problem in ejaculating, or whose sperm contain little or no living or motile sperm, but with good sperm in the testicles. By collecting the sperm semen directly from the testicles, the fertilization process can occur in vitro fertilization (IVF) by using the intrasytoplastic sperm injection method.

8. Assisted Hatching
By collecting egg from ovaries from the infertile woman and after the egg is fertilized in vitro fertilization (IVF), the assisted hatching helps the embryo hatch out of its protective layering and artificially implants into the uterus.

9. Cryopreservation
For what ever reason some couple decide to have children in the future, they may want to use the cryoptresevation to freeze the eggs or sperm in the sub-zero temperatures, such as between 77 K or −196 °C. Most comom cryppreservation includes
a) Freezing sperm
b) Freezing embryo
c) Freezing eggs
d) Freezing ovaries

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