Herbal Rosemary and Alzheimer's disease

Posted by Chantel Martiromo 

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas and named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal. 
According to statistic, over 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia and most are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It may be results of  cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions) and the possible beneficial roles of psychosocial factors (eg, high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity)(1) Strong evidences emerged in epidemiological studies suggested that certain herbs(2) may have potential in reduced risk and treatments of Alzheimer's disease but geographic source of the plant material, climatation, and time of harvest may effect their effectiveness. It is understandable that commercially available herbal medicinal products with the same herbal ingredients vary in their content and concentration of chemical constituents when compared between manufacturers.

Rosemary is a perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves, the genus Rosmarinus, belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Its fresh and dried leaves has been used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine and as flavor foods while barbecuing. Rosemary has been used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, antioxidant, and antispasmodic agent to treat circulatory problem, eczema, rheumatism, muscle pain, etc.
Carnosic acid (CA), a chemical compound found in rosemary and sage, reduces Aβ production, at least partially, by activating TACE in human astroglial cells(18) and  the University of Tlemcen, also indicated that CA may be potential against Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which gradual and irreversible declines in cognitive functions in AD patients(19). In an aromatherapy consisted of the use of rosemary and lemon essential oils in the morning, and lavender and orange in the evening, showed that the combination may have some potential for improving cognitive function, especially in AD patients(20).

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References
(1) Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention. by Qiu C, Kivipelto M, von Strauss E.(PubMed)
(2) The Use of Herbal Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease—A Systematic Review by Leopoldo Luiz dos Santos-Neto,¹ Maria Alice de Vilhena Toledo,² Patrícia Medeiros-Souza,³ and Gustavo Almeida de Souza(PubMed)
(18) Carnosic acid suppresses the production of amyloid-β 1-42 and 1-43 by inducing an α-secretase TACE/ADAM17 in U373MG human astrocytoma cells by Yoshida H¹, Meng P², Matsumiya T², Tanji K³, Hayakari R², Xing F², Wang L², Tsuruga K⁴, Tanaka H⁵, Mimura J⁶, Kosaka K⁷, Itoh K⁶, Takahashi I⁸, Imaizumi T(PubMed)².
(19) Molecular Interaction of Acetylcholinesterase with Carnosic Acid Derivatives: A Neuroinformatics Study by Merad M, Soufi W, Ghalem S, Boukli F, Baig MH, Ahmad K, Kamal MA.(PubMed)
(20) Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer's disease by Jimbo D, Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Inoue M, Urakami K(PubMed)