Red wine and Alzheimer's disease

Posted by Chantel Martiromo  

Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal. 
According to statistic, over 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia and most are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It may be a result of  cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions and psychosocial factors (eg, high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity)(1).

Red wine made from made  dark-coloured (black) grape varieties as a result of anthocyan pigments  present in the skin of the grape.
Red wine may be a therapeutic potential  for treating AD patients through reduction of forming of beta-amyloid peptid. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), black grape skin extract inhibited the ROS production, protected the cellular membrane from oxidative damage, and consequently prevented DNA fragmentation(29).  Red wine extract resveratrol, in another study inhibited the expression of soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide cause of neurotoxicity, synaptic dysfunction, and memory impairments(30). Polyphenols derived from red wine, according to Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, may protect against cognitive deterioration of Alzheimer's disease, thriugh generation and assembly of β-amyloid peptides into neurotoxic oligomeric aggregated species(31).


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References
(1) Food combination and Alzheimer disease risk: a protective diet by Gu Y¹, Nieves JW, Stern Y, Luchsinger JA, Scarmeas N.(PubMed)  
(29) Red wine micronutrients as protective agents in Alzheimer-like induced insult by Russo A¹, Palumbo M, Aliano C, Lempereur L, Scoto G, Renis M.(PubMed)
(30) rion protein-mediated toxicity of amyloid-β oligomers requires lipid rafts and the transmembrane LRP1 by Rushworth JV¹, Griffiths HH, Watt NT, Hooper NM(PubMed)
(31) Novel role of red wine-derived polyphenols in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease dementia and brain pathology: experimental approaches and clinical implications by Pasinetti GM.(PubMed)