Metabolite markers are the reaction of the metabolites that respond sensitively to phytochemical exposure.
Phytochemicals are plant-based natural components that form an important part of the human diet and animal feed. Synthetic phytochemicals are also commonly found in dietary supplements and pharmacological agents.
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by the plants to protect them against predators such as insects and bacteria and fungi. Some phytochemicals are also used in traditional medicine to combat diseases.
According to Prof. Chi Chen in the investigation of the metabolite markers of phytochemicals wrote, "the bidirectional interactions between phytochemicals and the metabolic system, such as the disposition of phytochemicals, the regulation of nutrient, antioxidant, and microbial metabolism, and overdose-induced toxicities".
In other words, phytochemicals including bioactive phytochemicals play an essential role in regulating the metabolic system through many metabolic pathways.
Believe it or not, metabolic effects have a strong impact on phytochemicals on the digestion, absorption, distribution, and metabolism of nutrients and antioxidants.
On the digestive system, bioactive phytochemicals play an essential role in the human diet as a valuable source of many bioactive components: phenolic compounds, vitamins or bioactive peptides.
On chronic diseases, consumption of total phytochemical intake has been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
On the metabolism of nutrients, gene-phytochemical interactions are individual differences depending on the individual genetic proposition, including the capacity to influence disease risk via several complementary and overlapping mechanisms.
More precisely, a person's genetic variation in pathways has a strong effect on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of phytochemicals that expose at the tissue level or alter the biological response.
On the antioxidant perspective, although phytochemicals and antioxidants are different, phytochemical antioxidants capacity demonstrated potential effects on oxidative status, that decrease the risk proteins, lipids, and cellular damage.
Collectively, by looking at the forms of metabolite markers, the tested assays after exposing to phytochemicals, researchers may know the inaction of the phytochemical and metabolic system.
The small, white navy bean, also called pea bean or haricot, popular in both dry and green forms, is very popular in Britain and the US, native to Peru. It is now grown and consumed across the world, due to its numerous health benefits.
With an aim to find a natural compound for the promotion of gut health, researchers examined investigated metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies.
The study included 46 men who received dry bean enriched diet (250 g/day) for 4-weeks and 12 mice that received a standardized diet containing either 0 or 10% navy bean ethanol extract for 6 weeks.
According to the self-reported compared to the baseline, serum pipecolic acid (PA) and S-methyl cysteine (SMC) were elevated after dry bean consumption in human and mouse studies.
In other words, serum levels of pipecolic acid and S-methyl cysteine are metabolite markers that are useful to measure the amount of dry and navy bean consumption.
More precisely, according to the unpaired t-tests, a navy bean extract-enriched diet altered 26 metabolites (9% of analyzed metabolites) at P < 0.05 and 7 metabolites (2.4%) at q < 0.05 using unpaired t-tests; the most significant being PA, SMC, and NAO (all q < 0.003).
Furthermore, identified the biomarkers of dry (navy) bean intake may improve the understanding of the effect of navy bean in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.
In intestinal microbial metabolism, the conversion of lysine to pipecolic acid (PA) may confer chemopreventive benefits for the human host because PA is a precursor of microbial compounds with anti-inflammatory property.
Taken altogether, the dry beans including navy bean may be considered a remedy for the improvement of colon health, through its metabolite markers, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Identification and monitoring of metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies by Perera T1, Young MR, Zhang Z, Murphy G, Colburn NH, Lanza E, Hartman TJ, Cross AJ, Bobe G. (PubMed)
(2) Navy Beans Impact the Stool Metabolome and Metabolic Pathways for Colon Health in Cancer Survivors by Baxter BA1, Oppel RC2, Ryan EP. (PubMed)
(3) Metabolite Markers of Phytochemicals by Prof. Chi Chen (Metabolites)
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