Beet or Beet Root, The Best Anti Inflammatory Functional Food

Beet may be one of function food, having an anti-inflammatory potential in reduced pain in damaged tissues or local infection.

Inflammation is a natural reaction of the immune system in protection of our body during tissues damage, injure and infection

Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belonging to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.

According to the Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, in carrageenan-induced paw edema method for acute inflammation and cotton pellet granuloma for chronic inflammation in rat model, injected aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris exhibited anti-inflammatory effects at dose level of 1000 mg/kg in comparison to those of indomethacin, a group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (10 mg/kg).

Also in carrageenan (100 µg/paw)-induced paw edema and neutrophil migration to the paw skin tissues. treatment with betalain (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the expression of paw edema. caused by carrageenan, a common food additive and complete Freund's adjuvant (10 µl/paw) used in animal experiments to induce infection.

Neutrophils are white blood cells that form an important role in defense against infection and inflammation caused by injury and microorganisms invasion and neutrophil migration is a rapid movement of white blood cells to the location of infection or inflammation.


According to the study, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris probably was attributed to phytochemicals found in the extract such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, pentose, amino acids, saponins, tannins and steroid in promoted and increased movement of plasma and leukocytes from the blood into the injured tissues to counteract the invasion of foreign substances and disease.and exhibited the release of histamine in the generation of mass and white blood cells and serotonin-induced platelets binding to a clot, then ameliorating inflammation through regulation of inflammatory mediators including leukotrienes and prostaglandins,

Please note that
1. Hormone prostaglandins play a key role in the generation of the inflammatory response and stimulation of constriction and clotting of platelets.

2. Leukotrienes (LTs) is a family of lipid and inflammatory mediators with a function in response to pathogenesis of inflammation

The study emphasized that in compared to a group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, an aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris at a specific dose exhibited a stronger and higher inhibition of acute inflammation induced by prostaglandin synthesis, including the inflammatory response to diverse stimuli in an induced temporary increase of physiological activity.

Further analysis also suggested that in chronic inflammatory diseases induced by cotton pellet granuloma, such as arthritis, aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris although less effective than the conventional drug of indomethacin, had a profound effect in reduced symptoms and prevented inflammatory process of cells at the site of inflammation by healing of the tissue through the initiated cells shift to induced apoptosis.

In other words, an aqueous extract of leaves of Beta vulgaris ameliorated risk of chronic inflammation by healing the affected tissue, thus preventing cell being damage caused by prolonged inflammation.


Furthermore, application of betalain (100 mg/kg), isolated from beetroot also suppressed free radical production and inflammatory activity through enhanced antioxidant activity and inhibited the overexpression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as

TNF-α, a tumor necrosis factor, a protein with function in regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of invasion by foreign substances, and interleukin (IL)-1β has a duo function in the activated either pro-inflammatory cytokine or anti-inflammatory myokines, and promoted
IL-10 expression in the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine

In healthy adult, with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), betanin, the major component of beet (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) also demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory property in modulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress cause of DNA damage as well as increasing apoptosis in neutrophils by analyzing the blood samples of tested subjects.


Dr. Zielińska-Przyjemska M the lead author said, "Betanin treatment at the concentration of 100 μM for 24 h increased DNA damage assessed by comet assay in IBD patients' neutrophils. A similar effect although less pronounced was observed in Caco-2 cells(colon cancer cell line)".



The findings suggested that beet with plenty of phytochemicals may have a therapeutic potential to be utilized in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.



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Author biography
Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris L by Jain S1, Garg VK1, Sharma PK1.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory activity of betalain-rich dye of Beta vulgaris: effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, superoxide anion and cytokine production by Martinez RM1, Longhi-Balbinot DT, Zarpelon AC, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Sassonia RC, Verri WA Jr, Casagrande R.(PubMed)
(3) DNA damage and apoptosis in blood neutrophils of inflammatory bowel diseasepatients and in Caco-2 cells in vitro exposed to betanin by Zielińska-Przyjemska M1, Olejnik A2, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A3, Łuczak M4, Baer-Dubowska W1.(PubMed)