How to Maintain A Healthy Skin, Naturally and Permanently, PubMed Studies Find

Tomatoes may have a profound and positive effect on improved skin health, some scientists suggested.

The results of the analysis were carried out by several universities and research companies, including IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine and published on numbers of online literature.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown worldwide for commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B1
7. Vitamin B2
8. Vitamin B3
9. Vitamin B5
10. Vitamin B6
11. Folate
12. Vitamin C
13. Vitamin E
14. Molybdenum
15. Magnesium
16. Manganese
17. Copper
18. Potassium
19. Chromium

In the aim to reaffirm tomatoes effect in reduced negative impact against ultraviolet (UV)A/B and UVA1 radiation at a molecular level, scientists at the IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine launched a study of the tomato bioactive compounds lutein and lycopene photoprotective effect on human skin health.


The purpose of the study was to assess the two active treatments containing either lycopene (TNC) or lutein to test for their capacity in decreased expression of UVA1 the radiation-inducible genes HO1, ICAM1 and MMP1

Gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) is an enzyme with function to protect cells from oxidative damage, in this case, it was the UVA1

Gene intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein with function in adhesion phenomena involved in the immune response.


Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) also known as interstitial collagenase and fibroblast collagenase is an enzyme with a function to break down collagens located in the ECM.


The placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, crossover study included 65 healthy volunteers allocated to four treatment groups and subjected to a 2-week washout phase, followed by two 12-week treatment phases separated by another 2 weeks of washout.

Volunteers started either with active treatment and were then switched to placebo, or vice versa.

24 hours after the irradiation phase skin, biopsies were taken from untreated, UVA/B- and UVA1-irradiated skin for subsequent reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression.


Interestingly, after taking into account of other co and confounders, researchers found that lycopene isolated from tomato exerts a strong activities in completely inhibited UVA1- and UVA/B-induced upregulation of heme-oxygenase 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 1, through restricting the transformation of mRNA in initiated cell changes.

Blood samples taken from the lycopene treatment group showed a clinically relative protective effect of skin cells through its inhibition of levels of oxidative stress induced by UVA1- and UVA/B exposure in compared to other groups.

In compared to lycopene active group, the group treated with lutein injection provided complete protection taken in the first period but showed insignificant effects in the second sequence.

These results suggested that there must be some unknown mechanisms to cause reduced levels of
lutein in the second sequence in compared to TNC.


Dr. Grether-Beck S, the lead author said, " the role of these genes as indicators of oxidative stress, photodermatoses and photoaging" and " these results might indicate that TNC and lutein could protect against solar radiation-induced health damage".


Furthermore, in re-evaluating the effect of Carotenoids in skin photoprotection against UV radiation through analysis of the collection of dermal biopsies of healthy humans (N=27) and blood samples, researchers reconfirmed that lycopene and beta-carotene made up the majority of carotenoids in both skin and plasma followed by beta-cryptoxanthin.

These expressions suggested that lycopene and beta-carotene may play an important role in improved skin health through its antioxidant activity compared to other members of carotenoids such as
dihydroxycarotenoids, lutein, and zeaxanthin.


In other words, the skin of humans is relatively enriched in lycopene and beta-carotene, compared to lutein and zeaxanthin, possibly reflecting a specific function of hydrocarbon carotenoids in humans skin photoprotection.

Additionally, in the examine the skin collected from 74 men and women with diverse skin pigmentation using the Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) to measure of the palm, inner arm, and outer arm were obtained at baseline, 1 wk, 2 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 6 mo (to maximize seasonal variation), researchers with no surprise found that total carotenoids across time are 0.97 (palm), 0.95 (inner arm), and 0.93 (outer arm).

Similarly, the assessment of lycopene by RRS was significantly correlated with lycopene assessed by HPLC of dermal biopsies (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001).

These findings once again indicated the protective effect of tomato and bioactive ingredient lycopene in skin health compared to other compounds.

Taken together, there is no doubt that tomato with its major bioactive phytochemicals may be considered as a functional food in improved skin health against skin damage caused by numbers of negative implications including oxidative stress, photodermatoses, and photo aging


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Molecular evidence that oral supplementation with lycopene or lutein protects human skinagainst ultraviolet radiation: results from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study by Grether-Beck S1, Marini A1, Jaenicke T1, Stahl W2, Krutmann J1(PubMed)
(2) Significant correlations of dermal total carotenoids and dermal lycopene with their respective plasma levels in healthy adults by Scarmo S1, Cartmel B, Lin H, Leffell DJ, Welch E, Bhosale P, Bernstein PS, Mayne ST(PubMed)
(3) Noninvasive assessment of dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake by Mayne ST1, Cartmel B, Scarmo S, Lin H, Leffell DJ, Welch E, Ermakov I, Bhosale P, Bernstein PS, Gellermann W.(PubMed)