Green Beans Inhibit the Expression of Liver Stress Markers

Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by overexpression of free radicals in the body.

In other words, oxidative stress is a result of the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants caused by abundant free radicals and low levels of antioxidant enzymes produced by the body.

Free radical is an unstable atom with a single electron on the outermost ring. Given its nature, free radicals readily donate or intercept an electron from another atom, leading a chain of the free radical cascade that cannot be stopped until all single electron is paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Antioxidants are stable atoms with a function to inhibit oxidation, come either from dietary sources or produced by the body.

Contrast to general belief, free radical is also needed in a moderated amount for the function of the heart muscle to pump blood such as NO for vasodilation and increasing blood flow.

In a healthy person, oxidative stress is harmful because it not only induces cells' lipid and protein oxidation but also causes the change of cell DNA, leading to diseases associated with oxidative stress including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Ozone, certain pesticides, and cleaners, cigarette smoke, radiation, pollution are some of the risk factors associated with the increased risk of oxidative stress.

Liver stress markers such as serum MDA refer to oxidative stress in the liver tissues caused by the overexpression of free radicals or reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.

Dr. Halina Cichoż-Lach, the lead scientist said, "Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases.".

And, "Hepatocytic proteins, lipids, and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver".

In other words, liver oxidative stress over the long-term induced damage of proteins, and lipid and alternation of cell DNA can lead to liver diseases, including cancer.

Green bean is a genus of Phaseolus Sensu Stricto, containing 55 difference species, belong to the family Fabaceae and native to the New World tropics and grown in Europe for its attractive flowers and fleshy immature pods. It can be classified into two major groups, bush beans, and pole beans.

On finding a natural compound for the prevention of liver stress, researchers examined the effect of cabbage, green beans, or seeds from sunflowers grown either on municipal sewage sludge-amended soil or soil alone fed to male and female Coturnix quail, as 50% of a complete diet, for 5 weeks.


Green beans fed male and female Coturnix quail exhibited liver GST activities significantly lower compared to those fed with sludge-grown cabbage.

Compared to the levels of liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) soil-grown cabbage demonstrated a two-fold activity increase in birds fed the other plants.

More precisely, the levels of glucosinolates present in the cabbage, are 3040 and 9253 ppm (dry basis) in the sludge-grown and soil-grown cabbage, respectively.

In other words, green beans showed a significant reduction of liver stress markers lesser than those of cabbage, regardless of soil cultivation.

Taken altogether, green beans may be considered a liver protective veggie, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Changes in liver glutathione S-transferase activities in Coturnix quail fed municipal sludge-grown cabbage with reduced levels of glucosinolates by Stoewsand GS, Anderson JL, Lisk DJ. (PubMed)
(2) Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases by Halina Cichoż-Lach and Agata Michalak (PMC)