Endometriosis and Vitamins: The Effects of Folic acid

Posted by Chantel Martiromo, Research article by Kyle J. Norton

During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body to cause endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, by building and breaking up tissues and eliminating them through menstrual period.

The Vitamin Folic acid

Folic acid, also known as vitamin M or folacin, one of the members of the vitamin B complex family, plays  amajor function in maintaining normal growth and DNA of our body's cells. It has a chemical structure formula of C19H19N7O6.

1. Anemia
Since folic acid deficiency limits cell division, women with endometriosis with heavy blood flow during menstruation are required to take enough folic acid to help in production of red blood cell. If not, it will lead to megaloblastic anemia(152)(153).

2. Cell abnormality(149)
Since folic acid is necessary for cell division and normal DNA replication, deficiency of it will lead to abnormality of some cells in the body(150)(151). Some endometrial cells may become cancerous or grow into endometrial cells in the abdomen.

3. Protein synthesis(154)
Folic acids interact with other members of the vitamin B complex family in the metabolism of protein. This helps to provide nutrients to the cells in the nervous system. Deficiency of folic acids cause the weakening of the nervous system(155) leading to symptoms of endometriosis.

4. Heart disease(156) and stroke(156)
Deficiency of folic acid may help to decrease the circulating level of homocytesteine in the blood. Study shows that high levels of homocysteine in the bloodstream damages coronary arteries or makes it easier for blood clotting, resulting in an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

6.  Risk of cancer(157)(158)
Since we already know that adequate levels of folic acid helps in the synthesis, repair, and functioning of DNA. Deficiency of folic acid may result in damage to DNA that may lead to cancer.

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References
(149) Chromosomal damage rate, aging, and diet by Fenech M.(PubMed)
(150) Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults by Fenech M¹, Aitken C, Rinaldi J.(PubMed)
(151) Folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 and their function in the maintenance of nuclear and mitochondrial genome integrity by Fenech M.(PubMed)
(152) Diffuse alveolar damage in a patient with Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,severely low serum folate, and megaloblastic anemia: a case report of autopsyby Matsuda I¹, Kajimoto N¹, Hamada M², Shimizu Y³, Kuki S², Hirota S¹.(PubMed)
(153) Folate deficiency beyond megaloblastic anemia: hyperhomocysteinemia and other manifestations of dysfunctional folate status by Green R¹, Miller JW.(PubMed)
(154) Nuclear enrichment of folate cofactors and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) protect de novo thymidylate biosynthesis during folate deficiency by Field MS¹, Kamynina E¹, Agunloye OC¹, Liebenthal RP¹, Lamarre SG², Brosnan ME², Brosnan JT², Stover PJ³.(PubMed)
(155) Short-term nutritional folate deficiency in rats has a greater effect on choline and acetylcholine metabolism in the peripheral nervous system than in the brain, and this effect escalates with age by Crivello NA¹, Blusztajn JK, Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Smith DE.(PubMed)
(156) Nutritional deficiencies in the pediatric age group in a multicultural developed country, Israel by Haimi M, Lerner A.(PubMed)
(157) Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase polymorphisms with breast cancer risk and interaction with folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B 12 intakes by Jiang-Hua Q¹, De-Chuang J, Zhen-Duo L, Shu-de C, Zhenzhen L.(PubMed)
(158) Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, genetic polymorphism of related enzymes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Brazilian women by Ma E¹, Iwasaki M, Junko I, Hamada GS, Nishimoto IN, Carvalho SM, Motola J Jr, Laginha FM, Tsugane S.(PubMed)