Asparagus, The Veggie Which Causes Cytotoxicity on Cancers

Scientists may have found a whole food with the potential to kill cancer cells before they can cause some serious effect on the human body, some studies suggested.

Cancer is the group of diseases characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in some tissue and organs, due to the alternation of cell DNA.

At the advanced stage, most invasive cancerous cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organs through the circulation of blood and fluid.

The causes of cancer are unknown, researchers do not why people with the same health conditions and family history, are susceptible to the onset of the diseases while others do not.

However, they do know that smoking, radiation, viruses, cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of exercise are the most risk factors associated with the early onset of cancers.

Furthermore, genes mutations such as BRCA1 and 2 inherited from the parents are one of the major risk factors that cause cancers.

Long-term excessive alcohol drinking is associated with a higher risk of liver cancer.

According to the World Cancer Research Fund, Eating 'fast foods' (such as chips and fried chicken) or other processed foods that are high in fat and sugar (like chocolate, crisps, and biscuits) can make you gain weight, and there is strong evidence that being overweight or obese is a cause of 12 types of cancer. And diets that are high in plant foods – such as fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and beans – can help you stay a healthy weight, and may also protect against certain cancers.

Moreover, Dr. Weiderpass E, in the study of "Lifestyle and cancer risk" wrote. "The main behavioral and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual, and reproductive health, exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles".

Asparagus is a flowering plant belonging to species the genus Asparagus, native to the western coasts of northern Spain, north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany, northern Africa, and western Asia.

Asparagus has been used from early times as a vegetable and medicine, because of its delicate flavor and diuretic properties.

Its chemical constituents include essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin.


In the study of saponins from old stems of asparagus (SSA) potential inhibitory activity on tumor growth and metastasis conducted by the East China Normal University on the breast, colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines, researchers found that
* Injection of saponins displays a significant effect in the inhibition of all tested cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, with half-maximum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 809.42 to 1829.96 µg mL(-1).

* At the concentration of 400 µg mL(-1), SSA is more functional in blocking cell migration and invasion as compared with its cytotoxic effect.
* Furthermore, SSA markedly increased the activities of Cdc42, a protein with function involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. and Rac1 with function in stimulating the cytotoxicity activity and decreased the activity of RhoA that is associated with cytoskeleton regulation, in cancer cells.

These results suggested that SSA increased the levels and activities of reactive oxygen species in exerting cytotoxicity against the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Dr.Wang J, the lead scientist at the final report, said, "SSA inhibits tumor cell motility through modulating the Rho GTPase signaling pathway (in the regulation of diverse cellular functions), suggesting a promising use of SSA as a supplement in healthcare foods and natural drugs for cancer prevention and treatment".

Moreover, in the examine the function of a series of Sarsapogenin and Diosgenin derived steroidal constituents (1-12), isolated from Solanum xanthocarpum and Asparagus racemosus against cancers, researchers showed that the isolated compounds exert their ability to induce cell death and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells.

The carbohydrate moieties linked to the steroid backbones process the strong influence in the induction of cytotoxic activity and cell death mode (apoptosis or necrosis).

Taken all together, asparagus containing high amounts of saponins and newly Sarsapogenin and Diosgenin derived steroidal constituents may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of cancers.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Reference
(1) Chemical constituents of Asparagus J. S. Negi, P. Singh, [...], and V. K. Bisht (PubMed)
(2) Saponins extracted from by-product of Asparagus officinalis L. suppress tumor cell migration and invasion through targeting Rho GTPase signaling pathway. by Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhang W, Pang X.(PubMed)
(3) Apoptosis-inducing activity of steroidal constituents from Solanum xanthocarpum and Asparagus racemosus. by Bhutani KK, Paul AT, Fayad W, Linder S.(PubMed)