Chick (Garden) Peas Inhibited Platelet Aggregation in Ameliorated Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Methanolic extract of Chick (Garden) Peas may have a potential effect in decreased platelet aggregation and inhibited thrombus formation, thus improving blood circulation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, some scientists suggested.

Garbanzo beans also known as chickpea is an edible legume of genus Cicer and the family Fabaceae, high in protein and minerals. It is one of the earliest cultivated vegetables, native to the Middle East.

Inflammation is a natural process of immune defense against infection caused by injuring through the removal of injurious agents, necrosed cells and tissues.

Evaluation of pea family effects in reduced platelet aggregation for prevention of cardiovascular disease has been found associated with a number of mechanisms involved in many aspects.

Methanolic extract isolated from garden pea and Desi chickpea demonstrated an inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) expression in the induction of platelet aggregation (IC50 = 35 microg/mL)

Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid with function in growth and repair of muscle tissue is also important as a proinflammatory and immune-supportive substance in response to acute and chronic tissue damage.




Several reports have suggested that arachidonic acid-induced expression of platelet aggregation by mediators thromboxane A2 and/or prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) in signaling expression of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptor occupation.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane with function in stimulation of the production of new platelets to induce platelet aggregation.

Prostaglandin H2 is a type of prostaglandin acted as mediators involved in physiological processes, including platelet aggregation, muscle movement, and inflammation.

Further differentiated the other effects of methanolic extract isolated from garden pea and Desi chickpea on platelet aggregation, showed that the extract isolated from garden pea displayed a positive inhibition of platelet-activating factor (PAF)(IC50 = 38 microg/mL) in a dose-dependent fashion, in induction of platelet aggregation, but this action was not found in Desi chickpea extract.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), is a lipid mediator with function in the exhibited expression of platelet aggregation, immune response, and inflammation.


Interestingly, the methanolic extract isolated from Kabuli chickpea also expressed a strong platelet aggregation effect without activation of either arachidonic acid (AA) or platelet-activating factor (PAF) expressions.

The findings suggested that there must exist other mechanisms in reduced platelet aggregation, other than inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) activities by the testing extract isolated from the above members of the pea family.

Further differentiation showed that methanolic extract isolated from the pea family also inhibited platelet aggregation through endothelial cells COX-2 lining the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the production of platelet PGE2 precipitated by inflammatory cytokine expression during the acute phase of tissue damage.


COX-2 is an enzyme with a function in response to inflammation and pain.


Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) is also released by blood vessel walls with function in response to infection or inflammation.


Indeed, the extract displayed a strongly inhibited effect at a dose of concentration 20 microg/mL in lower the levels of synthesis of PGE2 by 92%, 87% and 65% in the extract of Garden pea, Desi chickpea, and Kabuli chickpea, respectively, according to COX-2 essay.


Taken together, peas family including Garden pea, Desi chickpea, and Kabuli chickpea could be useful as natural anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory whole foods. People who are at high risk of CVD due to platelet effect may want to add a portion of chickpeas into their daily diet.


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Author biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Platelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory effects of garden pea, Desi chickpeaand Kabuli chickpea by Zia-ul-Haq M1, Khan BA, Landa P, Kutil Z, Ahmed S, Qayum M, Ahmad S.(PubMed)