Beet, in Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer

A recent study suggested that people consuming beet regularly have a reduced risk of early onset of colon cancer. and may be considered as a functional food for the treatment of colon cancer.

Colon cancer is a chronic condition characterized by uncontrollable cell growth in colon tissue. depending on the grade, colon cancer cells might spread a distant away from the original tissues to other organs.

Beet, best known as the beetroot or garden beet, belonging to the amaranth family, is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.

Dr. Ninfali P, the lead author in the above study showed that betaxanthins and betacyanins isolated from red beetroot exerted considerable antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiproliferative activity may have a profound effect in blocking the spread of colon cancer and inducing cell death.

In fact, when used combination with Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, these 3 chemical compounds not only enhanced the conventional anticancer drugs treatment through regulating gene in the expression of cell pro-apoptosis but also reduced the adverse effect of chemotherapy-induced toxicity and overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells.

Further to the study of the efficacy of phytochemicals isolated from beetroot against colon cancer, the University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" demonstrated that Vitexin-2-O-xyloside (XVX) and avenanthramides (AVNs)used in the testing of CaCo-2 colon cancer cells, exhibited a strong pro-apoptotic effects and modulation of the pro-survival factor against the tumor, through antioxidant activity.

Another study suggested that the inhibition of colon cancer cell lines of phytochemical isolated from beet, namely betaxanthin (R1) and betacyanin (R2) fractions is a result of cytotoxicity mediated by the intrinsic apoptotic activity as well as increasing cancer cell death through pro apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mediation.

Dr. Farabegoli F, the lead researcher said, "the use of a cocktail of R1, R2, and XVX as a chemopreventive tool against colon cancer".

Taking all together, beet with abundant anti-tumor phytochemicals used alone or combined with conventional medicine may serve as a functional food in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.


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Sources
(1) C-Glycosyl Flavonoids from Beta vulgaris Cicla and Betalains from Beta vulgaris rubra: Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activities-A Review by Ninfali P1, Antonini E1, Frati A1, Scarpa ES1.(PubMed)
(2) Antiproliferative activity of vitexin-2-O-xyloside and avenanthramides on CaCo-2 and HepG2 cancer cells occurs through apoptosis induction and reduction of pro-survival mechanisms by Scarpa ES1, Antonini E1, Palma F1, Mari M1, Ninfali P2.(PubMed)