Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product formed from gluconasturtiin in certain cruciferous vegetables may be the next generation of detoxified natural food against benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde in cigarette smokers.
According to the University of Pittsburgh, the phytpchemical phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) reduced the level of benzene by 24.6% (P = 0.002), and acrolein by 15.1%, but had no effect on crotonaldehyde, in the study of 82 cigarette smokers.
Detoxification is the process of removing toxic or harmful substances from our body.
Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok-choy, broccoli etc.
A randomized phase II clinical trial with a crossover design conducted to evaluate the effect of 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), against toxin in cigarette smokers, suggested that 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) treated mice showed reduced metabolic activation of NNK by 7.7%.
NNK is a tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone found to induce lung cancer.
In support of the detoxified effect of cruciferous vegetables against body toxins, isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables showed to promoted Nrf2, a protein in regulated the expression of antioxidant proteins in protected cells against oxidative damage, induced production of cytoprotection by detoxification mechanisms, and excretion of both harmful substances and toxic metals.
Furthermore, in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells study of the induction of detoxification enzymes by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and its synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) conjugate (NAC-BITC), Dr. Hwang ES said, "BITC and NAC-BITC inhibited Hepa1c1c7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Cell growth was 4.5~57.2% lower in Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with 0.1~10 μM BITC than in control-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells."
Taking together, there is no doubt that cruciferous vegetables having a strong effect in reduced the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the body, particularly in cigarette smokers. But further larger sample size and multiple studies are necessary to confirm its viability.
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Sources
(1) 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke by Yuan JM1, Murphy SE2, Stepanov I3, Wang R4, Carmella SG3, Nelson HH5, Hatsukami D3, Hecht SS3.(PubMed)
(2) Clinical Trial of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as an Inhibitor of Metabolic Activation of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Cigarette Smokers by Yuan JM1, Stepanov I2, Murphy SE3, Wang R4, Allen S2, Jensen J2, Strayer L2, Adams-Haduch J4, Upadhyaya P2, Le C2, Kurzer MS5, Nelson HH6, Yu MC7, Hatsukami D2, Hecht SS8(PubMed)
(3) Nrf2, a master regulator of detoxification and also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective mechanisms, is raised by health promoting factors by Pall ML1, Levine S2.(PubMed)
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