Collard Greens Improves the Build-up of Bone Density Against Osteoporosis

Bone density is also known as bone mineral density associated with the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. The concept of bone density has been used to measure the mass of mineral per volume of bone to identify people in the risk and onset of osteoporosis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory joint disease characterized by the breaking down of joint cartilage and the underlying bone, mostly in the women in the menopause and older adult, leading to symptoms of joint pain, tenderness, and lack of flexibility and stiffness.

Some osteoporotic patients may also experience symptoms of grating sensation and bone spurs.

Aging, genetic preposition, overweight, and obesity, injury, and overuse of the joints are the most common risk factor associated with the onset of the disease. However, occupation with the repetitive movements of the joint has been found to affect people in the industrial world.

Interestingly, osteoarthritis symptoms can come and go throughout the day and vary from person to person. The weather change has been one of the most complaints that trigger the symptoms of OA in the elderly.

According to the statistics, approximately, more than 200 million people are suffering from osteoporosis, including 44 million Americans with either osteoporosis or low bone mass and 1 in 3 women over the age of 50 years and 1 in 5 men will experience osteoporotic fractures in their lifetime.

Dr. Jakob F, the lead scientist in the study of the risk of osteoporosis in the aging population wrote, "Age is a high-risk factor for osteoporosis. Vitamin D insufficiency and reduced calcium absorption are common in the elderly. Loss of bone and muscle development in a vicious circle of immobilization caused by underlying diseases. In addition deficits in cognition and coordination promote falls and fragility fractures".

And, "Specific medication is indicated if the 10-year fracture risk exceeds 30 %, wherein women > 75 and in men > 85 years of age bone density measurement can be relinquished".

Collard Green is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belongings to the family Brassicaceae with unknown origin. Today, the plant is cultivated commercially for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves.

With an aim to find a natural compound for the treatment of osteoporosis, researchers examined the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on age-related shifts in anabolic and catabolic responses.

According to the tested differentiation, in both normal and ovariectomized mice that treated with SFN for 5 weeks, sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring in collard greens promotes osteoblast differentiation by epigenetic mechanisms associated with enhancing the production of bone density.

Furthermore, SFN enhanced active DNA demethylation via Tet1 and Tet2 involved in the production of bone cells against the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and promoted pre-osteoblast differentiation by enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization and the expression of osteoblastic markers in the process of making new bone cells.

Where Tet loss has been associated with abnormal osteoclast function.

Moreover, SFN inhibited the expression of the osteoclast activator RANKL in osteocytes associated with bone reabsorption and induced apoptosis in pre-osteoclastic cells through the several mechanisms involved in bone degenerative pathology.

The results suggested that these mechanistic effects not only lowers the rate of bone reabsorption but also accelerates the production of higher bone volume.

More importantly, SFN protected the bone density against the shifts in mineral density distribution observed by quantitative back-scattered electron imaging (qBEI).

Based on the findings, researchers concluded, "Our data indicate that the food-derived compound SFN epigenetically stimulates osteoblast activity and diminishes osteoclast bone resorption shifting the balance of bone homeostasis and favor bone acquisition and/or mitigation of bone resorption in vivo".

Taken altogether, collard green processed a higher amount of sulforaphane (SFN) may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake sulforaphane (SFN) in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anabolic and anti-resorptive modulation of bone homeostasis by the epigenetic modulator sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate by Roman Thaler1,2, Antonio Maurizi3 , Paul Roschger1 , Ines Sturmlechner1 , Farzaneh Khani2 , Silvia Spitzer1 , Monika Rumpler1 , Jochen Zwerina1 , Heidrun Karlic1 , Amel Dudakovic2 , Klaus Klaushofer1 , Anna Teti3 , Nadia Rucci3*, Franz Varga1*, Andre J. van Wijnen by (JBC Paper in Press)
(2) [Age and osteoporosis. Effects of aging on osteoporosis, the diagnostics and therapy].[Article in German] by Jakob F1, Seefried L, Schwab M. (PubMed)